Adversity in ‘Lord of the Flies’ Essay

Adversity is presented in many forms during ‘Lord of the Flies’ for the main character Ralph. It comes not only in the form of other people but a corruption of what society the boys on the island have managed to hold onto. One of the strongest forms of adversity came in the form of a strong and outspoken boy Jack; Jack often overwhelms and disregards things that Ralph, the chief of the boys on the island, has said to be done. Ralph, we can see, struggles to hold his control over the group of boys when Jack refuses to believe the importance of these jobs. Ralph’s biggest struggle against adversity against Jack happens during a time of panic and distress. We know he struggles for power as Jack ‘interrupted’ him, use of the word ‘interrupt’ shows that there is no respect between the two of them. As there is no respect, especially for the chief of the tribe, it causes adversity between the more outspoken members of the tribe and Ralph because they believe they can override his authority. Here Golding explores adversity through his language choices. His language choices can be very important when portraying adversity within the group of boys; certain words portray different levels of adversity for example ‘mutinously’ shows that there is a high level of adversity as the boys are unhappy with the situation they are in. Golding also explored adversity through the emotional turmoil of being on an adult-less island. Without adults, the children have no boundaries and therefore have to understand for themselves the boundaries of adult life; what is socially acceptable and unacceptable. They did this by making mistakes and learning from them, they do everything they to keep what society has instilled upon them; with rules and roles in their society. They have had to grow up and overcome the adversity by becoming adults and learning to survive and fend for themselves and the littluns by building their shelters and learning to hunt and ‘kill the pig’. He has explored the struggle of adversity particularly well through Ralph, this is because it easy to see how well he steps into the role of chief and protector of the group, he overcomes the adversity of growing into adult thought well. He understands what the basics are as he knows they need food, hygiene for safety and smoke signal for passing ships to see, this is obvious because he knows they need a smoke signal or they ‘will die’. One of the biggest forms of adversity with which the boys struggled was undoubtedly learning to cope and overcome the fear the littluns had instilled upon themselves associated with ‘the beast’. Golding does this by changing the way Ralph handles the crisis and changing his basic survival instincts back to that of the society the boys have left behind and learn to be compassionate towards the obviously scared young boys. This is obvious because throughout the book Ralph has been harsh, we can see this most in the first few chapters where he himself is obviously scared at the prospect of surviving with no adult help or guidance, we can see this through the way Golding has made Ralph speak and react to the other characters, such as his harshness to another key figure in the book, Piggy. An example of this is the fact that Ralph continuously tells Piggy to ‘Shut up’. However, when he understands the littluns fear of ‘the beast’, his tone softens and he understands that they need to be protected and looked after to feel safe, this is obvious because he made sure that a bigger child was there to look after them when all of them go on hunts, this shows that they have overcome their instincts to look after only themselves. However, they overcome the adversity of adjusting to life in fear of ‘the beast’ very well. They adjust everything about the way they were living, moving the fire to their beach instead of leaving it on top of the mountain where they knew the beast was. We can see he is doing this for the protection of everybody as they do it so they ‘needn’t go near-‘. The use of the word ‘needn’t’ in this context shows that Ralph is protecting the group because he’s keeping them out of what they believe to be harm’s way.

Vdot Paper

Running head: VIRGINIA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION CASE STUDY Virginia Department of Transportation Case Study A high-performance business or body, time after time, attains excellence whilst fashioning a first-rate work atmosphere (Schermerhorn, 2010). The Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) was once considered a premier transportation department, but over the years their reputation had become damaged due to budget overruns and a public perception that VDOT could not do its job. When Mark Warner was elected governor of Virginia in 2001, he wanted a new commissioner for VDOT that had private sector experience to turn VDOT around. His search led him to appoint Philip Shucet, a transportation engineer with both public and private sector experience. This paper will discuss some of the management theories that could have been applied to problems at VDOT, as well as how management has reacted to challenges. Next, an environmental analysis will be conducted and short, mid, and long-term goals will be discussed. Finally, Shucet’s motivation to take the job and the motivational problems at VDOT will be addressed. Management Theories McGregor’s Theory X â€Å"assumes that people dislike work, lack ambition, are irresponsible and resistant to change, and prefer to be led† (Oke, 2011, pg. 26). Theory Y â€Å"assumes that people are willing to work, accept responsibility, and are capable of self-direction and creativity† (Oke, 2011, pg. 26). When Shucet arrived at VDOT, Theory X was much more in place, as is often the case in large bureaucracies. There was little teamwork or communication between departments and no one really knew the status of any of the projects (Clawson & Yemen, 2011). If Shucet implemented Theory Y much of this would change as employees took responsibility for their projects and became motivated to succeed. Frederick Taylor’s scientific management theory would also help to improve performance at VDOT. Taylor’s theory stresses finding the right workers for the job and training them correctly (Oke, 2011). Downsizing led to massive retirements of highly skilled workers during the 1990’s. This pushed under or unqualified people into positions they were not ready for (Clawson & Yemen, 2005). An evaluation of the staff and their qualifications for their current positions could result in a restructuring that would better match skills with job requirements. Implementation of Henri Fayol’s administrative principles would have had a significant impact on VDOT. Fayol spells out five duties of management; foresight, organization, command, coordination, and control (Oke, 2011). While there were deficiencies in all of these categories, two in particular were weak, coordination and control. Coordination is defined as actions that â€Å"fit diverse efforts together and ensure that information is shared and problems solved† (Oke, 2011, p. 22). As discussed earlier, information sharing was a significant weakness at VDOT. Control is actions that â€Å"make sure things happen according to plan and to take necessary corrective action† (Oke, 2011, p. 22). Since no one knew the status of the projects, management could not take corrective actions in a timely manner. Six Challengers The six challenges in today’s workforce are ethics, globalization, technology, knowledge, diversity, and change (Oke, 2011). Ethical issues were a significant problem at VDOT. The commissioner of VDOT was a political appointee and this sometimes led to under-qualified individuals or people with their own agendas being placed in charge of a multi-billion dollar organization (Trying to Keep Virginia Moving, 2005). The appointment of Shucet corrected this, as he did not have political aspirations and was concerned only about getting VDOT functioning correctly for the long-term. Globalization was not much of a factor at VDOT since they are a governmental entity that does not compete on the open market and their business is entirely located in Virginia. Shucet noticed quickly that there were technologies available to the employees that were not being utilized efficiently or effectively. This increased workloads and reduced the communication. VDOT had lost a significant portion of their most knowledgeable workers to early retirements and resources needed to be devoted to improving the knowledge and skills of the current workforce. Diversity is a challenge in all organizations, but was not specifically addressed in this case study. The final challenge is change, which is often difficult for large, bureaucratic organizations like VDOT. There was much that needed to change, from the organizational structure, to communications, to major procedures such as budgeting and tracking of projects. Private businesses are forced to change to keep pace with competition. However, until Shucet arrived, VDOT did not have the necessary motivators to implement the necessary changes. Environmental Analysis The specific and general environment conditions played a pivotal role in the effectiveness and trustworthiness of the VDOT organization before Shucet was hired. The organization was barraged with scrutiny from both ends of the hierarchical spectrum. The politicians in Virginia created an impression that VDOT was both poorly managing and severely under-funding their proposed projects. Virginia citizens were also criticizing VDOT wondering and if their tax dollars were being spent properly (Darden, 2005). VDOT is a government organization that must face the pressures of scrutiny from many groups and should have had answers to provide the stakeholders. The taxpayers had a right to know why projects were being under-funded, why approximately 15% of VDOT’s projects were going unfinished and what they were going to do about fixing it. Unfortunately, VDOT did not have the answers (Darden, 2005). Economic conditions were negatively impacting VDOT. They did not have the current or projected revenue to complete the projects within the six-year plan. Their estimates were based on expected population growth in Virginia as well as expected growth in tax revenue that the population increase would generate. When the projections fell short it resulted in VDOT’s projects not being fully funded. The political conditions created a sense of tension among VDOT and the many political bodies that had influence over it. In addition, local politicians were publicly criticizing their own transportation department, demeaning the organization in the eyes of its most critical stakeholder, the taxpayers of Virginia. Goals Based on the environmental analysis, one short-term goal for VDOT would be to decrease the political impact on the organization. Governor Warner accomplished this goal by appointing Shucet and then leaving him alone. In an interview, Shucet said that in the three years since becoming commissioner, the governor had called him â€Å"about six times† (Bacon, 2004, n. p. ). This allowed VDOT to plan for the long-term and not just to meet a political agenda. Another short-term goal would be to make VDOT more transparent to the public. Shucet did this by creating a website showing the status and cost of all of the VDOT’s projects (Bacon, 2004). A mid to long-term goal would be increasing the completion rate of VDOT’s projects. In Shucet’s second year, VDOT’s completion rate increased to 39% and was expected to meet its projection of 60% in year three. The long-term goal was to reach a completion rate of 80% (Bacon, 2004). Both of these goals should decrease the taxpayers’ displeasure with VDOT. VDOT was experiencing significant revenue shortfalls. Rather than just raising taxes to increase revenue, a final long-term goal would be to change the focus of transportation planning in Virginia away from just building new roads to finding new, more economical solutions to the state’s transportation problems (Bacon, 2004). This goal will help to ensure the taxpayers are getting the most value for their tax dollar. Shucet’s Motivation There are a number of theories that could apply to the motivating factor that led to Shucet taking on the VDOT commissioner position. However, Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs provides an excellent one. Shucet had met all of his lower order needs and was looking to fulfill his need for self-actualization through creative and challenging work, by having decision making authority, and by being autonomous (Oke, 2011). VDOT was a complex problem. This was an opportunity for Shucet to fix the third largest transportation department and regain their status as one of the best departments of transportation in the country. The commissioner of VDOT is a high-ranking state position and Governor Warner allowed him the autonomy he needed to freely make decisions to improve the department. Motivational Theories Motivational theory is composed of four sections; content, process, reinforcement, and job enrichment. Herzberg’s two-factor theory is a content theory that states that by increasing satisfier factors, a manager can increase job satisfaction. Prior to Shucet’s arrival, individuals were not accountable for their projects. By making individuals more accountable and acknowledging accomplishments, Shucet could motivate his employees to perform better. Expectancy theory, a process theory, links achievement and reward to performance. Because of the lack of accountability under prior commissioners, there was not a link between performance and achievement, and most likely no rewards system. People are motivated to work harder if they know it will make a difference and that there is a reward for them. By implementing a rewards system, VDOT could motivate their employees to accomplish the mission of the organization. Positive reinforcement â€Å"strengthens or increases the frequency of desirable behavior by making a pleasant consequence contingent on its occurrence† (Oke, 2011, p. 93). With all of the public scrutiny of VDOT, morale was very low. By identifying the things the groups were doing well and by providing praise and other rewards as new goals were accomplished, Shucet could turn the attitudes of the employees around. Job enrichment increases job scope and job depth (Oke, 2011). Since one of the goals of VDOT was to hold individuals more accountable for their projects, enriching their jobs would allow them the flexibility and authority to truly take ownership of their jobs. When employees feel they have a stake in the outcome of a project they are more motivated to do well. Discussion Even when an organization is as dysfunctional as VDOT was, there are numerous tools available to managers to improve their organizations. Everything from the structure of the organization as a whole to the definition of each individual’s job contributes to the success or failure of an organization. The ability to implement the correct tool for the situation at the correct time is what sets great managers apart from the rest. References Bacon, J. A. (2004). The Shucet Shakeup. Retrieved October 5, 2011 from http://www. baconsrebellion. com/Issues04/09-07/Bacon. htm Clawson, J. G. & Yemen, G. (2005). Virginia Department of Transportation: Trying to Keep Virginia Moving. Charlottesville, VA: Darden Business Publishing. Retrieved October 12, 2011, from http://it. darden. virginia. edu/VDOT/studentWeb/ content/index. htm? speed=128 Oke, R. (2011). Management and organizational behavior. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Custom Learning Solutions. Custom text ISBN 13: 9780470942710 Schermerhorn, J. R. (2010). Management. (10th ed). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Trying To Keep Virgina Moving. (2005). Retrieved October 14, 2011, from http://it. darden. virginia. edu/VDOT/studentWeb/content/index. htm? speed=128

Questions on Law Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

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Aviation security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Aviation security - Essay Example It promotes the growth of business activities such as tourism and import and export of goods and services. The primary objective of policy document entails addressing the issues related to security threats in Alexandria International airport in order to improve security (Kirsch & Rockwell, paras.1-3). Security should be as a paramount issue by the management of the airport. The management should play a proactive role in addressing security matters. Cases of accidents should be properly investigated, as the industry regulators require it. These investigations should be carried out in a free and fair manner to build trust of the concerned parties. Alexandria International Airport should liaise with private investigators whose responsibility will be to verify the authenticity of investigative reports (Department of Transport, Pg. 8). The airport needs to invest in the modern state of art security apparatus that will help mitigate the number of accidents and terrorism activities. However, prudence must be applied in purchasing such equipment, and procurement procedures have to be strictly adhered to. Procurement procedures ensure that procuring entities get the value for their money when they purchase commodities. The functionality of the equipment is another vital element that should be put in place to ascertain whether they have been designed to control insecurity. It may also help to determine whether they can counter breaches in security. Their strategy is meant to ensure that the airport is well prepared to contain emerging security breaches in time (Department of Transport, Pg 10). A major issue of concern with the airline industry is on environmental pollution. The industry has been accused of being irresponsible in protecting the environment. Carbon levels released from the industry have been increased hence depleting the ozone layer. The trickle down effect has been an increase in the number of cancer cases caused by

Eastern Catholic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

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Evaluate the development of the Public Health movement from it's Essay

Evaluate the development of the Public Health movement from it's inception in the 19th century to present day policy and practice - Essay Example The following paper will also define and assess the necessary aspects of the early and contemporary public healthcare systems. My focus will be on the definition of public health, its inequalities, any autonomous inquiries made into inequalities of public health, measure areas vital to lowering these inequalities, and elements that cause these health inequalities. The following essay will show a reflection of the legacy of public health acts in securing health development as a procedure entailing central administration, local authorities, and individuals. The development of the public health movement from the 1800s to present day policy and practice entails the creation, evolution, and implication of public healthcare acts (Whitehead, 2014, p. 22). Today, this act appears as if it could significantly progress the health of the English people because local authorities owe the public such a development. However, between the 1830s and 1840s, people found this act very contentious. European authorities had been responding to disease outbreaks with decrees for hundreds of years and this act meant this routine response would have to change (Seedhouse, 1986, p. 61). With clinical panels to counsel governments, Europe used armed forces to secure harbors, borders, and cities only when pandemics threatened their ways of life. Even more vital than the demographic likelihood of a disease breakout was social and technical information about the state’s public health status. The committee in charge of implementing the Public Health Act for England and Wales was successful in forming it incredibly fast and thoroughly even though another option was possible (Cholewka, and Motlagh, 2008, p. 21). The very practice of local self-analysis, together with a visit from a concerned, influential, but nonthreatening representative, enabled such an attitude to grow. Members of this committee frequently presented more than positive intents

Analyzing Management Strategies Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

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Internships Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Internships - Essay Example To support the idea of unpaid internships, various references from the essay and a book have been used. From the essay of â€Å"No pay? Many interns say, `No problem† it has been indicated that the absence of intern pay does not seem to dissuade the students from making application to the internships especially those that offer personal skills as well as gaining experience. Surprisingly, many paid partnerships usually do not attract many candidates because intern duties and location plays a big role in attracting the students to apply (Helperin 588). From the book of `The Successful Internship: Personal, Professional and Civil Development` by H. Fredrick Sweitzer and Mary A. King the benefits of internship were discussed. H. Fredrick Sweitzer who was a professor Humans Services at the Hartford University had placed and supervised the undergraduates for a period of twenty years and also developed the aspect of internship seminar at the Hartford University. Through the efforts of the professor, the successful internship as a facilitator to three important aspects of development was illustrated; the civic, professional and personal (Sweitzer 5).In his book, he stated that one can enter internship from different points when developing these three categories. Internship acts as an opportunity for emotional and intellectual development that is significant in an individual life. The ability to look at given information critically, think creatively and have a look at serious issues from the multiple points of view can be acquired through internship. The internship can as well act as a powerful catalyst for individual growth and manufacturing supervisors that are qualified. Under the professional development, some of the students usually enter the internship primarily for exploration of career (Sweitzer 5). Such students may be studying the traditional arts

Buying a House Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

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Reasons I Choose Belmont University Essay Example for Free

Reasons I Choose Belmont University Essay One of the universities that have caught my attention was the Belmont University. Coming from a Christian Community, I felt that the university can help me develop into a more mature Christian. The schools mission is to provide an to its education that is academically challenging, that promotes the empowerment of both men and women. Their diverse backgrounds help hone the students to become engaged with current issues, and in the improvement of the society, through their compassion, courage, discipline, and faith in God. Since the university is centered on the needs of its students, the university provided an environment that helped its students grow spiritually and intellectually. With the help of their peers and professors, the students are able to help themselves become the best in their chosen field. In addition to this, the university offers a wide variety of courses that cater to each individuals interest and needs. Admission to the university definitely allows an individual to grow and mature to become a better person, both intellectually and spiritually. Other factors are also taken into great consideration, such as their social and physical needs. The diversity and artistic favor that this university has can help in the building of strong foundations for the future of its students. Belmont does not only offer a conducive environment suitable for learning, but also caters to an environment contributory to spiritual growth. In addition to this, the universitys location is beyond par. Since Nashville is known to be a â€Å"Music City†, the university can help hone its students to become excellent in their field by providing world class performances. After acquiring a degree form Belmont, anyone can easily find jobs just outside of the university, with the wide array of job offerings in Nashville. Church-related activities may still be practiced, through the number of churches near the vicinity. The Belmont University is definitely the answer to all our prayers.

Role of Triage in Emergency Care

Role of Triage in Emergency Care OVERVIEW There is a consensus on the fact that there has been a significant increase in traffic to emergency rooms which has resulted in rapidly growing demand on the limited resources of emergency rooms worldwide. In 1980, there were more than 82 million visit to hospital Emergency rooms in the USA, and a large percentage were for non urgent medical conditions. One reason for this trend is that people know they can get medical attention immediately in the Emergency departments without the long wait for appointments. This has led to very high load of patients visit to emergency rooms; a pattern that holds true globally for non urgent patient visits to most pediatric emergency rooms ( Wilson FO etal ). Another reason given for overcrowding is the increase rural to urban migration of populations and also the increase in the standard of care provided in most emergency room. However, the resulting increase in demand for emergency medical care has not been matched by availability of resources in most healthcare systems and hence there is need for emergency room managers to adopt or develop tools and protocols to prioritize the urgency and acuity of conditions to allocate appropriate level of care. If this is not done, then there is a likelihood that very ill patients may end up waiting long hours with increased risk of morbidity and some may even die as a result of delay in life saving treatment or interventions. (Mirjam van veen and Harriette a Moll) DEFINITION Triage as a term actually originates from the French verb ‘trier’, which translates ‘to sort’. It was originally used by the military as a concept to deal with large number of casualties managed by very few human and material resources. The decision is made to prioritize who had the best chance of survival, and what level of care for the survivors (LE Slay,WG Rislan ) In the last 20 years, this concept has become applicable in response to the increasing traffic to the emergency rooms and several tools have been developed to assess, prioritize and sort patients coming to the emergency department according to a determined severity of illness or injury, the level of suffering, the likely prognosis and need for intervention with available resources. It must be clarified, that triage in itself is not a diagnostic tool but a systematically structured and methodical way of assessing the severity of patients conditions to determine their clinical priorities using their presenting symptoms and measurable physiological parameters and it aims to optimize the provision of emergency care efficiently to produce the best outcome for every patient by channeling patients to appropriate level and quality of care. Hence the factors that are considered are severity of illness, level of urgency and impact of life saving intervention to reduce mortality, as well as level of care needed baring limited resources. These factors can be measured objectively using mortality rate, number of admissions to critical care unit and wards as well as patients referred to low urgency care services. The development of different assessment scoring systems and other pediatric-specific scales were attempts to have an objective approach to the assessment of severity acuity and to help predict illness or injury outcomes in children. Hence the Pediatric Glasgow Coma Scale, the Yale Observation Scale, the Pediatric Trauma Score, the PRISM score (Pediatric Risk of Mortality score), different pain scales and various respiratory severity scoring systems were all attempts to provide common nomenclature and standardize the assessment of severity of sickness and to predict prognosis in the pediatric age group. However in practice the emergency room triage nurse needs a comprehensive, simple and efficient acuity stratificaton of the severity, to make rapid and effective decisions(Dieckmann, 2002). These led to development of various decision making tools or triage scales. Gerber Zimmerman and McNair had tried to described triage as simply a rating of patients clinical urgency, that eventually evolved into 2 levels of urgent, and non urgent. Triage scales are hence developed with the aim to rapidly identify very urgent cases requiring immediate or urgent life saving treatment, or efficiently direct them to appropriate level of care, and the variations of triage scales are due to functional differences in service provision as well as availability of resources. Though there is no fail proof scale of stratification because invariably cultural adaptations, level of sophistication of data collection, personal and environmental factors do influence every measurement tool. (Christ et al 2010 as per Azeredo et al) Fittzgerald in his doctoral thesis in 1989, showed it is actually a far more complex decision making tool using defined criteria to classify patients as either a simple 3, 4 or 5 level urgency scale, pioneering the objective distinction of the earlier urgency scales(Fitzgerald GT. Emergency department triage. Department of Medicine. Queensland, Australia: University of Queensland, 1989.) TRIAGE IN CHILDREN Laskowski-Jones and Salati (2000) had strongly elucidated that children should not be seen as little adults and must not be treated as such by healthcare professionals. This is because of obvious anatomical, physiological, as well as emotional and intellectual differences between children and adults which directly alter the presentation of this group of patients in the emergency department[Laskowski-Jones]. This makes it inapplicable to use adult triage criteria for children of pediatric age due to unique clinic-pathological characteristics that creates the potential for sudden and rapid deterioration when children present to the Emergency department, creating an absolute necesity for very accurate focused triage. There are evidence that in mixed emergency departments, adults tend to ‘be seen earlier than equally ill children resulting in unacceptable waiting times for very ill children, therefore again creating a need for specific pediatric triage scales.(Cain P, Waldrop RD, Jones J; improved pediatric patient flow in a general emergency department by altering triage criteria. Acad Emerg Med 3:65-71, 1996) The UKs Manchester Triage Systems MTS, the USAs Emergency Severity Index ESI, the Canadian Triage and Acuity Scale CTAS, and the Australian(National ) Triage Scale, the most widely used triage scales and by consensus the most studied were all eventually modified to contain specific parts for children, are all also made of five level of triage urgencies (van Veen and Moll) It is important to note that none of them had been developed ‘de novo’ specifically for the pediatric age group. The initial three-level systems which predominated in the United States typically used either levels 1, 2, and 3 or emergent–urgent–nonurgent classification assignments. These methods are driven by the underlying question, ‘‘How long can patients wait?’’ When evaluated, these three-level methods had been found to be highly unreliable and have been criticized because they lack validation with clinical outcomes. (Travers DA, Waller AE, Bowling JM, Flowers D,) The 5-level scales provided a better discriminated tool for pediatric patient triage in emergency department, which was shown to be more efficient in predicting resources utilizations including hospital admissions, length of stay, and resourse utilization.(Chang, Hsu) Though 5-level scales are similar to the adults, but they have pediatric clinic-pathological parameters. Level 1 is critical, level 2 is emergent, level 3 is urgent, level 4 is non-urgent and level 5 is fast track.(O’Neil KA, Molczan K: Pediatric triage: a tier, 5-level system in the United States. Pediatr Emerg Care 19:285-290, 2003) The MTS is a five-level scale that incorporates the UK National Triage Scale. It was developed in 1996 and then revised ten years later after thorough input by various experts.(Mackway-Jones et al 2006). Though it was designed predominantly for adults, the MTS eventually adapted six flow charts that relate specifically to children and hence in 2007 it became endorsed by the Royal College of Pediatrics and Child Health. WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN? What is already established is that the true functional capability of an effective triage system is determined by their reliability and validity. Reliability is measured as both inter rater reliability which is a measure of the agreement between two or more separate individuals using the same scale. It is an affirmation that the agreement is beyond that presented by chance, and this can be statistically determined and analyzed using Cohen’s kappa k. Where K is equal to 1 if the raters are in perfect agreement, and K is equal to 0 if their agreement is absolutely by chance. So k is rated from 0.1-0.9 ( as poor to excellent agreement). Intra rater reliability measures the agreement of one triage rater agreeing on the same level of urgency when two different cases of same scenario present on separate occasions. Validity is a determination that a conclusion of a true urgency is in fact the true value for every clinical presentation. Whereas internal validity measures of the ability of the triage system to predict this true urgency within a system, external validity measures its reproducibility in a different setting. Hence experts agree that any triage has to have these characteristics to be seen as a legitimate tool of assessment and to perform as intended [Fernandez C]. It is also known that the four major triage scales, the MTS, ESI, CTAS, and ATS have been studied and validated for both internal validity and reliability in adults and have been used in ED triage by different health institutions. Some studies reported that the MTS and the Pediatric-CTAS both seem to be valid and reliable to triage children in pediatric emergency care. (Ma, Gafni and Goldman)This has been confirmed by van Veen and Moll in another review in 2009. The CTAS enables rapid stratification of patients at the time of first encounter based on 5 levels of urgency (risk and symptom severity). Each level has a targeted waiting period until the patient is examined by the doctor or to be reassessed again in the triage area to consider the possibility of waiting longer or to be seen immediately by the physician. The standards recommended by CTAS is that waiting time is 0 minutes for level 1, 15 minutes for level 2, 30 minutes for level 3, 60 minutes for level 4, and 120 minutes for level 5. (Murray M, Bullard M, Grafstein E; CTAS National Working Group; CEDIS National Working Group. Revisions to the Canadian Emergency Department Triage and Acuity Scale implementation guidelines. CJEM 2004, 6: 421-427.)

The Epidemic of AIDS in the African-American Community :: Health Medical HIV Diseases Essays

In the early 1980's, many gay men were found to suffer from Kaposi's sarcoma, a cancer usually associated with elderly men of Mediterranean ethnicity. Eventually the gay men wasted away and died. Word began to spread throughout the homosexual community that gay men were dying of an otherwise rare cancer. The medical community began to refer to this syndrome by the colloquialism "Gay Cancer". As medical scientists researched, they discovered that the syndrome included other manifestations, such as Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP). A rare form of pneumonia caused by protozoa, its name was changed to "GRID", or Gay Related Immune Deficiency. The effect that the stigma of homosexuality had on the general public's perception and handling of the disease cannot be overlooked. Within the medical community, it quickly became apparent that the disease was not specific to gay men (as blood transfusion patients, heroin users, heterosexual women and newborn babies became added to the list of afflicted), and the renamed the syndrome (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) in misconception holds that the disease was introduced by a gay male flight attendant, named Gaetan Dugas, referred to as "Patient Zero". However, subsequent research has revealed that there were cases of AIDS much earlier than initially known. It has also been theorized that a series of inoculations against hepatitis that were performed in the gay community of San Francisco were tainted with HIV. There is a high correlation between recipients of that vaccination and initial cases of AIDS, though this of course has never been proven to be accurate. Since the turn of the century, the overall health of all Americans has improved substantially. Although advances in medical and scientific technology have improved the health status of the American people, there is a growing concern and recognition that African-Americans have not benefited equally from the fruits of science. Whereas these facts are not "new news," it is apparent that most of the public and the scientific community are not fully aware of the full impact of these problems. There are government agencies that aim to provide health services to minorities: the Office of Minority Health (which seeks to develop health policies beneficial to minorities) and the National Center on Minority Health and Health Disparities (which seeks to promote minority health and eliminate health disparities). On June 23, 2004 President George W. Bush spoke at a press conference in Philadelphia, Pa. where he announced his latest HIV/AIDS initiative.

Euthanasia: The Strange Case of Dr. Kevorkian Essay -- Argumentative

Euthanasia: The Strange Case of Dr. Kevorkian Physicians face an ethical dilemma when confronting their patients who are suffering. Many have to choose between abiding by the law or ignoring the law and acting on their own beliefs by assisting in a patient’s suicide. Dr. Jack Kevorkian is certainly one doctor who has taken the illegal route in assisting in many of his patients suicides. In â€Å"Killer Doc,† William F. Buckley provides a brief overview of the case and informs his audience of the shocking incidents of Kevorkian’s performed euthanasia on Thomas Youk. In â€Å"Offering a Helping Hand to those Who Long to Die,† Mark Nichols compares the famous euthanasia doctors, Dr. Kevorkian and Austrailia’s Dr. Philip Nitschke. Dr. Kevorkian was an avid supporter of euthanasia. He believed people shouldn’t have to suffer if they chose not to. As a result, the unlawful physician would rig machinery so that the patient had the opportunity to kill him/herself. Buckley introduced the case of Thomas Youk in which his death was taped on a home video. The documentary was later shown ...

An Interview With An Entreprenuer Essay -- Interview Essays

I interviewed Manuel, co-owner of All Pro Motor Sports, because his business is extremely innovative and growth-oriented. The purpose of this interview was to learn the following:  § how to identify a business opportunity  § how to successfully launch a business  § how to deal with perceived risks prior to start-up  § how to solve problems encountered during start-up and over the lifetime of a venture BACKGROUND I was introduced to Manuel through a mutual acquaintance that knows I am truly fascinated by the ability to customize vehicles, but more specifically, expensive luxury vehicles. Manuel, originally from Mexico, moved to California with his family twenty years ago. Coming from a large family with 4 brothers and 3 sisters, Manuel was determined to be financially successful. After graduating from State Unversity and working as a financial advisor/broker for Morgan Stanley, Manuel decided he was not happy working in corporate America. After resigning from Morgan Stanley in 2001, Manuel decided his dream of being financially successful would be much easier to accomplish if he launched his own business. Driven by his passion for classy and stylish vehicles, Manuel launched a motor sports company in 2002. SHARED VISION Manuel, co-owner of All Pro Motor Sports, shared his vision to launch a motor sports business that customizes expensive European vehicles with his younger brother, Hussein, and cousin, John. Just 3 years ago, this trio put their capital resources together and launched All Pro Motor Sports. All Pro Motor Sports is not just another motor sports business, it's a motor sports business that focuses on customizing each vehicle to the owner's perfection and guaranteeing that attention to detail is car... ...sionate generally yields positive rewards. Whether one aspires to own a motor sports company or design a type of skiwear that protects people from injuries, passion will be the driving force behind successful execution. According to Hussan and to my agreement, the best way to discover what you are passionate about is to follow your interests and heavily research your interests to discover what interests you most. Once you discover which one of your interest you want to pursue the next, and most important step, is to discover how you could exploit or differentiate your interest in the current marketplace that will give you an opportunity to capitalize. Lastly, I learned that if I decide I don't want to pursue a degree in economics, and instead I want to launch my own business, I must pursue a business in an industry, or lack thereof, that I could commit my life to.

Naruto

lNaruto (NARUTO— —? , romanized as NARUTO) is an ongoing Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Masashi Kishimoto. The plot tells the story of Naruto Uzumaki, an adolescent ninja who constantly searches for recognition and aspires to become a Hokage, the ninja in his village that is acknowledged as the leader and the strongest of all. The series is based on a one-shot comic by Kishimoto that was published in the August 1997 issue of Akamaru Jump.The manga was first published by Shueisha in 1999 in the 43rd issue of Japan's Weekly Shonen Jump magazine. Currently, the manga is still being serialized with fifty-one tankobon volumes released so far. The manga was later adapted into an anime, which was produced by Studio Pierrot and Aniplex. It premiered across Japan on the terrestrial TV Tokyo network and the anime satellite television network Animax on October 3, 2002.The first series lasted 220 episodes, while Naruto: Shippuden, a sequel to the original series, has been airing since February 15, 2007. In addition to the anime series, Studio Pierrot has developed six movies for the series and several original video animations (OVAs). Other types of merchandise include light novels, video games and trading cards developed by several companies. Viz Media has licensed the manga and anime for North American production.Viz has been publishing the series in their Shonen Jump magazine, and as well as the indidividual volumes. The anime series began airing in the United States and Canada in 2005, and later in the United Kingdom and Australia in 2006 and 2007, respectively. The films, as well as most OVAs from the series, have also been released by Viz, with the first film premiering in cinemas. The first DVD volume of Naruto: Shippuden was released by Viz in North America on September 29, 2009, and it started broadcast on Disney XD in October of the same year.The manga has sold over 100 million copies in Japan. Serialized in Viz's Shonen Jump magaz ine, Naruto has become one of the company's best-selling manga series. The English adaptation of the series has also appeared in the USA Today Booklist several times and volume 11 won the Quil Award in 2006. Reviewers from the series have praised the balance between fighting and comedy scenes, as well as the characters' personalities, but have criticized it for using standard shonen plot elements.

Americans with Disabilities Act 1

Americans with Disabilities Act The Americans with Disabilities Act Overview of the ADA of 1990 including its intended purpose, and what governmental agency oversees ADA claims The Americans with Disability Act (ADA) of 1990 was enacted by the United States Congress, signed into law by George H. W. Bush on July 26, 1990, and amended in 2009 where some changes were introduced to the act. ADA is a civil rights’ law that was intended to check against discrimination that can be encountered by disabled persons in the course of accessing certain services or taking part in day-to-day activities. It safeguards disabled persons against any form of bias or prejudice with respect to their condition. Whatever falls under category of disability is normally made on case-to-case basis. However, current substance abuse and visual impairment that can be remedied by lenses are not considered as disabilities by the ADA of 1990. The law was initially intended to guarantee civil right protection for people who were permanently disabled and their disabilities could not be reversed or weakened. The law was enacted enable disable persons access services enjoyed by persons who are not disabled thereby opening their horizons to all types of careers. The drafters wanted the law to be flexible to guard against eminent weakening by future case laws. To enable disabled persons enjoy equal rights with everyone else, President G. W. Bush signed ADA Amendments Act (ADAAA) into law on September 2008 (Matt, 1). Title I of the ADA 1990 deals with employment. It empowers people with disability with requisite qualifications to seek for employment in covered entities. People with disabilities can be hired, discharged, compensated, and trained just like any other worker without being discriminated. Agencies that are covered by the law include an employment agencies, labor organizations, and labor management committees. As per Title I, discrimination entails restricting job application in a manner contrary to convention, preventing qualified persons people from applying or taking up job opportunities, or making irrational and illegal job requirements to limit persons with disabilities. If entrance medical examinations have to be done, everybody else should be subjected to the process and the medical records must be treated with a lot of confidentiality. This title does not offer protection to individuals currently engaged in illegal use of drugs (Matt, 1). Title II of the Act deals with Public entities. This title prohibits any form of discrimination that can be met on the people with disability by public entities at local and state levels. Access here implies both physical and pragmatic access. It is supposed to check against discriminatory policies instituted by such public entities. It applies to public transportation that public entities offer (Matt, 1). Title III captures public accommodation and commercial facilities. The title criminalizes discrimination based on disability with special focus on full and equal enjoyment of the goods, services, facilities, or accommodations of any public accommodation by the proprietors, leasers, or operators. Public accommodation here means recreational facilities, lodgings, transportation, educational, and places of public displays. Under this title, all new constructions have to comply with Americans with Disabilities Act Accessibility Guidelines anchored in the Code of Federal Regulations. This title also applies to existing facilities. Exemptions to the regulation provided in the title include private clubs and religious organizations. However, historical properties and other public and private buildings must comply with the provisions of this title and failure may lead to legal proceedings. However, if following usual standards threaten to destroy historical significance of the feature of the building, they are under obligation to use other standards (Matt, 2). Title IV of the ADA deals with telecommunications. This title amended the Communications Act of 1934. All telecommunication companies are required to cater for the needs of the disabled especially the deaf and those with speech impairment (Matt, 3). Title V of ADA deals with miscellaneous provisions that are basically technical provisions. It also includes anti-retaliation or coercion provisions. Many government agencies act in concert to ensure that the ADA of 1990 is implemented. The United States Equal Employment Opportunity Commission presides over employment related ADA provisions. The Department of Transportation regulates statutes related transportation. Other agencies include United States Department of Agriculture, Department of labor, Department of Education, United States Department of Interior, United States Department of Housing and Urban Development, United States Department of Health and Human Services, and Federal Communications Commission (Matt, 4). Statutory definition of â€Å"disability† and â€Å"reasonable accommodation† under the ADA of 1990 The ADA Act of 1990 defines disability as an impairment that substantially limits major life activity. ADA defines impairment as a physiological disorder or condition, cosmetic disfigurement, anatomical, neurological, musculoskeletal, respiratory, cardiovascular, reproductive losses. The Act further defines impairment as a mental or psychological disorder. Nevertheless, the explanations of impairment under the ADA regulation do not include physical traits, common personality traits, cultural and economic aspects as these elements come naturally and cannot be altered by man (Matt, 1). The Act excludes certain statutory requirements while trying to define disability like those currently using illegal drugs. Emotional acts such as thought, focus, and making contact with others also make up major life activities in reference to the EEOC. The phrase substantially limits features in the ADA definition of disability. An impairment on qualifies to be a disability if it limits life activities. For an impairment to be referred to as a disability, a person must be meaningfully limited in his or her competency to undertake certain activities relative to the average person drawn from the general public. Some of the very essential aspects to consider in this area are nature and extent of the disability, the time interval that the persons has been disabled, and how the impairment affects the individual’s ability to partake in everyday tasks (Acemoglu and Angrist 920). Reasonable accommodation in the ADA of 1990 protects persons with disabilities by ensuring that other than provision of physical access to buildings and provision of equal access to programs and services, this category of citizens access auxiliary services, aids, and removal of barriers in public utilities provided that this does not create undue administrative or financial burdens. The ADA 1990 defines reasonable ccommodation to entail â€Å"making existing facilities used by employees readily accessible and usable by disabled persons, job restructuring, part time or modified work schedules, re-advertisement to vacant person, acquisition or modification of equipment or devices and appropriate adjustment or modification of examination† (Matt, 5). Discuss the Supreme Court's decisions in Sutton and Toyota Manufacturing In Williams’s case, The Supreme Court visited the question of severity of a condition that qualifies it to be a protected disability. The Supreme Court held that the employee’s medical condition known as carpal tunnel syndrome was not a disability because it was not substantially limiting. It was further stated that for an impairment to be referred to as a disability, it has to prevent or severely restrict a person from undertaking in tasks that are of essential value to a person in everyday life. The court underscored the need for strict interpretation of the phrase ‘’substantially limits. ’ The ruling in Williams’s case brought into fore the inability of ADA to accommodate cases characterized by dismissal of many disability cases (Raddatz, 2). In Sutton v. United Airlines, the plaintiff sued for discriminative acts by a potential employer. In the case, the plaintiffs were two twin myopic sisters who had applied for employment as commercial pilots but their request was rejected because they did not attain the minimum value for uncorrected eyesight. The Supreme Court held that the question of whether somebody is disabled and thus be protected by ADA must be looked at with reference to all mitigating measures. For instance, if a person is severely limited in undertaking day-to-day activities without medical intervention but is only slightly limited to undertaking these tasks after medical interventions, the medical intervention serves to negate the impairment from being referred to as a disability as outlined in the ADA (Raddatz, 1). The ADAAA of 2008 including its intended purpose and significant changes from the ADA of 1990 The ADAAA 2008 is an Act of the Congress that went into operation on January 1, 2009. It amended the ADA of 1990 and other nondiscrimination laws that were drafted for the good of people with disability at state and federal levels. The amendment was introduced with respect to myriad Supreme Court rulings on ADA 1990. THE Supreme Court decisions were viewed by the members of the United States Congress as limiting the rights of people with disabilities (Schall, pp. 192). The ADAAA indeed reversed those decisions. With respect to ADA Title I, ADAAA changed the definition of disability. It clarified and broadened its definition. One notable contribution of this amendment is to take into consideration of both the employer and employee. With ADAAA 2008, courts are expected to interpret ADA and other Federal disability non-discrimination laws and determine whether the covered entity has discriminated. This law preserves the original meaning definition of law as written in the ADA but alters the way that statutory term should be construed (Matt, 5). Legal analysis of Billy and Mandy's requests applying both the ADA and ADAAA Based on the Americans with Disability Act of 1990, Mandy’s request should not be honored because she is not substantially limited in her daily activities without using medical interventions like consulting an optician to initiate corrective measures to remedy far sightedness. However, with the ADAAA, her request should be granted because the Act prohibits consideration of medication and low vision devices in determining whether a condition is a disability. Billy Beer’s request has to be granted because according to the Reasonable Accommodation and from the definition of disability in Title I, Billy’s condition is covered and indeed considered a disability. Moreover, ADAAA prioritizes discrimination initiated by covered entity as opposed to whether the person seeking protection under law has impairment that fits the statutory definition of disability. Works Cited Acemoglu, Daron and Angrist, Joshua D. Consequences of Employment Protection? The Case of the Americans with Disabilities Act. Journal of Political Economy 109(6), 2001, 915–957. Matt, Susan. Reasonable Accommodation: What does the Law Really Require. Journal of the Association of Medical Professionals with hearing Loses, 1(1), 2003, 1-13 Raddatz, Alissa. ADA Amendments overrule Supreme Court Decisions on What Constitutes Disability. 2009. Web. 3 Dec. 2011. Schall, Carol M. The Americans with Disabilities Act—Are We Keeping Our Promise? An Analysis of the Effect of the ADA on the Employment of Persons with Disabilities. Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation 10(9), 1998, 191-203.

Advantages and Disadvantages of the Internet

The Internet seems to be one of the greatest wonders of the modern world. Nowadays, it is hard to find a house with no access to the Internet and every day, more and more people are discovering the amazing possibilities which it gives us. The Internet is the biggest and the most effective provider of the variety of resources and services. It is a worldwide database of any information you may need. However, information is not the only thing you can obtain thanks to the Internet.The World Wide Web also provides you with the access to a wide range of computer programs, games or the possibility to download your favourite music or films. What is more, the Internet facilitates your contacts with other people. Not only can you easily and quickly contact them via emails but you can also speak to them, thanks to the Internet communications program. They have become very popular recently as they enable you to make new friends on-line.However, the paradox is that while they facilitate your comm unication with others, at the same time they cause the deterioration of your contacts and relationships since it is much easier to stay at home and talk to somebody on the Internet instead of going out and socializing. Moreover, on-line friendships can turn out dangerous as you can never be sure who the other person is. In addition, the Internet is very addictive.People never notice that they spend too much time in front of the computer screen and that they use the Internet more often than they really need. Surfing on the net becomes more important than meeting with friends or going to the classes at the university and the reality they start to live in is the virtual reality. Another important advantage of the Internet is that it has become the most easily accessible and the best resource collection. It is used for the research purposes not only by the university students but also by the children from primary schools as more

Is Macbeth responsible for his own downfall Essay

Macbeth is completely and solely responsible for his own downfall. He lead himself to defeat by falling to his fatal flaws. Manipulation, ambition, and power got the better of him creating great inner turmoil, and bringing him to an abrupt end. From the beginning Macbeth was able to choose his own fate. The moment when he eagerly listened to the witches and said to them â€Å"Stay, you imperfect speakers, tell me more† shows that he believed that what they are saying was of great importance to him. The tempting words of the witches prophecies ignited a spark of greedy ambition in him that he had not realised was there. This lead him to make his decision to follow their persuasive words so although they tempted him, it was his own ambition that drove him to commit the crimes. Macbeth’s ambitious nature is shown many times throughout the play. Once the king had made him Thane of Cawdor and the first â€Å"and great† hurdle had been overcome, the possibility of him having crown becomes fixed in his mind.when he hears Malcolm has been pronounced as the king heir Macbeth admits to himself that he has â€Å"Black and Deep Desires†. He finds himself battling with his conscience but when he says  Ã¢â‚¬Å"I have no spur to prick the sides of my intent but only vaulting ambition, which o’erleapes itself and falls on the other†Ã‚  it shows that he has no reasons to kill the king except to fulfill his own ambition. Macbeth’s overly ambitious quest for power motivates him to prematurely end the life of the current king. Not only does Macbeth quest for power end the life of King Duncan, but he continues to murder for no reason whatsoever apart from malice. the evil tyrant that Macbeth has become is proved when he plans alone to murder Lady Macduff and her children. At this stage of the play Macbeth has lost all human compassion and empathy so he thinks nothing of murdering innocents. Had he stopped at the first murder of king Duncan he may have got away with it but his manic behaviour turns everyone against him and can ultimately  only lead to his own demise. By the end of the play it is obvious that a valiant Macbeth no longer exists. He suffered greatly from his fatal flaws: being mainly manipulability, ambition and the sense of power. Macbeth’s life comes to an abrupt end, and no one grieves him. He died a tyrant and a murderer, all through his own fault.

Affirmative Action Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Affirmative Action - Research Paper Example Workforce diversity today has become a great virtue which increases the creativity of a company (Innovationmanagement, 2010). Despite all the benefits of affirmative action its active use in the U.S has created a new form of discrimination referred to as reverse discrimination. Reverse discrimination can be defined as the unfair treatment of the members of a majority group as a result of preferential policies intended to reduce discrimination against minorities (Dictionary, 2013). I personally think that reverse discrimination is a fallacy. Change is an inevitable part of society and a higher participation rate among minorities will consequently reduce the labor participation of the majority group. We should always remember the past when true discrimination led to the unethical and inhuman treatment of an entire race through slavery. A person that claims reverse discrimination should handle the pressures of the workplace instead of crying wolf. A way for people to increase their chances in the workplace is by acquiring formal training and

Introduction to Business Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Introduction to Business Law - Essay Example The other cases mentioned will be heard accordingly by other courts. First, with regard to the case involving a dispute between Colorado, Utah, and Arizona over water rights, the case involving a state law prohibiting the import of nuclear waste, a civil suit between a plaintiff from Tennessee and a defendant from Kentucky, and the case involving a state's criminal laws, civil code, or constitution, these cases will be heard by the US Federal Supreme Court. According to the United States Constitution regarding the jurisdiction of the Federal Supreme Court: The judicial power shall extend to all cases arising under this Constitution, [t]he laws of the United States, controversies between two or more states, between citizens of different states. (United States Constitution, Art. 3, Sec. 2) Thus, by virtue of the aforementioned cases' national significance, its implications to the Constitution and the possible conflict that may arise regarding the impartiality of District Courts, these cases may be heard by the Supreme Court.

Coastal Erosion on Essex Coast Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Coastal Erosion on Essex Coast - Essay Example Expenditure on coasts has risen to protect the coast from further depletion as well as shielding nearby residences from flooding. People have tried for many years to control erosion by the abrasive forces of the ocean. In the following paragraphs, I will depict some of the reasons for the erosion of international coastlines. Then, find will analyze the types of sea defences that can protect coastlines. Then we will evaluate which sea defence is will aid Clacton on Essex coast. Coastal erosion is the local loss of coastal landmass due to natural processes such as waves, winds and tides, or even due to human interference. There are many reasons why there is an erosion happens on coastland. A simpler reason is because the pounding of waves that affect the shoreline daily (i.e. High tide and low tide.) The natural causes such as storms, hurricanes, instanteous surges toward the shore can change the form of the shore. Large storm-generated waves often cause coastal erosion, which may take the form of long-term losses of sediment and rocks, or merely in the temporary redistribution of coastal sediments. Erosion in one location may result in accretion nearby. On rocky coasts, coastal erosion can result in dramatic rock formations in areas where the coastline contains stones with a plethora of resistances to erosion. The softer areas of a beach will be eroded much faster than the harder ones, which can result in typical structural land masses such as tunnels, bri dges, columns, and pillars. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coastal_erosion) Some insinuate the temperature change of the climate due to global warming may contribute to erosion. As the planet's temperature rises, the ice caps in the north and south begin to melt and results in higher sea levels. The increased in temperature is do to emissions of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. The planetary climate system varies through natural, internal processes and in response to variations in external factors including solar radiation, volcanic emissions, and human proliferated greenhouse gases. The detailed causes of the recent warming remain an active field of research, but the scientific studies insists that increased levels of greenhouse gases due to human activity as the main component. This attribution is clearest for the most recent fifty years, for which the most detailed data are available. Contrasting with this view, other hypotheses have been proposed to explain some of the observe d increase in global temperatures, including: the warming is within the range of natural variation; the warming is a consequence of coming out of a prior cool period, namely the Little Ice Age; or the warming is primarily a result of variances in solar radiation, higher sea levels will strengthen the displacement of sediments and can affect coastal habitats. In addition, droughts can cause vegetation to die. When the vegetation dies, the land is loose because the roots no longer can hold together the ground because it is decaying. Therefore, coastal erosion can easily uproot and erode the dry land mass. Furthermore, flooding has been for centuries a major problem for residents residing near shores. Not only does water destroy property or sacrosanct materials, but it can decapitate homes and threaten life. Coastal erosion affects homes, tourism, and businesses. When many settle in a coastal area, they begin building homes. Then, if that area has a tourist attraction,

Business - Organizational Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business - Organizational Communication - Essay Example Organizational communication takes place horizontally, downward and upward. Downward communication takes place from executive and managerial levels to the other staff through formal channels like organizational charts, policy manuals and rules and regulations. Upward communication takes place from the members of staff to the managers, and mainly, inform of a request or a complaint. Horizontal communication flows among colleagues, especially in a meeting, where they share information, discuss issues of common interest and resolve problems. The paragraphs below discuss the importance of organizational change and issues involved by managers in creating effective organizational communication. Organizational communication is highly essential because it improves the relationship between employees and managers in an organization. This is because; it becomes extremely hard for employees to perform their work effectively without proper communication from the manager. The manager should use th e correct channels of communication, and know what he expects from the communication channel used. Indeed, most management issues arise in organizations due to ineffective communication. Proper communication system minimizes misunderstanding and misrepresentation (Smith & Turner, 1995). Organizational communication is a key tool for motivation among the employees since it improves the employees’ morale. Lack of communication or inappropriate communication in every organization causes conflicts between the employees and managers. Inappropriate communication issue is one of the major causes of conflict in the work places and eventually leads to low morale for the employees. Therefore, managers should state clearly to employees on what should be done, how perfectly it should be done, and what can be done to improve the performance. The manager can do this by clarifying to the employees the relationship between personal and company’s objectives, and incorporate the interes t of the two. Effective communication within an organization leads to productivity increase. Proper communication enhances good human relation in every company because it encourages suggestions and ideas from workers and employees. Importantly, the organization is encouraged to implement the suggestions, and this increases production at a remarkably low cost. Organizational communication enables employees to submit their comments, work reports, suggestions and grievances to the management. Speedy and effective communication is highly essential because procedures and policies should be clear to avoid confusion, delays and misunderstandings, and; therefore, harmony is established in all departments, and among all people. Written communication is better in an organization than oral communication. Communication in written form should be clear and concise to avoid misinterpretation. Written communication can be used for future reference because it provides a permanent record and gives a chance to employees on writing down their suggestions and comments. Organizational communication is essential since it allows rationalization. Simply, the management clarifies and explains instructions in a way that employees can comprehend, using downward communication. On the other hand, upward communication in an organization enables workers to air their views to the management. If an employee identifies a problem in motivation, for instance, he or she may use upward

My relationship with food Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

My relationship with food - Essay Example I could say Italians are real food-lovers and so they raise their own crops, choosing the ones which are most important in their cooking. Early in my life, I have learned to indulge in home-grown foods. The words, â€Å"Home-grown vegetables are the most delicious in the world†, have become a cliche for me because they were my grandmother’s daily verse. As a result, I have grown to consider home-grown vegetables as the very heart of every meal. I do not consider eating as a lively activity when there is no green thing on the table. Without the colorful vegetables that make the poultry attractive, the blood in my home-grown relationship with food is quite drained. I guess I could say that my romance with food is like tomatoes. It is very attractive. With the red color, it expresses its passion for me as much as I do for it. It is as juicy as my early romance with food in my hometown in Italy. For the first seven years in my life, I have smelled and appreciated food even before I knew anything about it. It did not simply sustain me to live and be healthy. Rather, food gave meaning to my life. I could say that just like the tomatoes, my first seven years of romance with food has been the juicy stuff. I remember my grandmother excitedly gathering her homegrown vegetables and gleefully bring them to the kitchen for our consumption. I can see the males preparing the meat to mate with the vegetables to eventually give birth to a delectable victual. Then, the whole family sit together to eat, giving the children the priority to indulge first with the food before the grown-ups pick on our morsels. The whole family was engaged in the preparation and consumption of the food and I think that is what makes my love affair with food quite juicy. It has been a homegrown relationship, strengthened by the people around me and, which was nurtured into a love that is to make my life more colorful and meaningful. When my family moved to California, my homegrown romanc e did not die. Although we did not grow our own vegetables, mother always made sure that we still have the lingering taste of grandmother’s homegrown vegetables. Local fresh foods were always made available for us. My mother always made it a point that we prepare our food and that we all eat together at home because she knew that going out to eat in restaurants, especially fast food restaurants, would spoil our love affair with healthy food. I see this time in my life as a carrot. It still looks attractive and healthy although the chewing gets a little difficult. This period brought us challenges that eventually affected me. My mother really had to work hard to keep our kitchen a place where we could still indulge with food and see each other. With the demands of a busy American lifestyle and the inability to grow our own vegetables, preparing food has been quite a feat. Nevertheless, my mother did not give up rather she kept my romance with food aflame by teaching me how to cook even though we had to get by with vegetables from the fresh market which are locally produced. When organic vegetables became popular, I could say that my relationship with food became more interesting. I did not have to worry about the source of the food that I eat rather I was confident and felt like I was with my grandmother once again. I could perhaps describe this time in my life as the onion in my food romance. Onions are pungent and

LG Electronics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

LG Electronics - Essay Example Recently, it has included Mobile Phones with various specifications in its enriched product line up. The company’s annual turnover in the year 2009 has recorded 13089 crores (LG Electronics, 2012). In relevant to the company’s various products, the two divisions i.e. the home appliances and the electronics goods are located on the Boston Consulting Group Matrix (BCG) where the upper right quadrant is the electronics division and the lower left quadrant is the appliance division. The BCG Matrix introduced by Boston Consulting Group, is an instrument that allows the company to evaluate and to classify its products as well as services. Furthermore, it is a decision making tool that helps to balance the activities of an organisation related to the products that make profits and signify growth in order to sustain the future of the company. The matrix helps to implement the development policies of the company. The BCG matrix positions the products in two ways, namely, the rat e of growth of the market and the market share of the product contrary to its competitors (Luxinnovation G.I.E, 2008). Findings The structure of BCG matrix consists of four quadrants namely, Stars, Question marks, Cash cows and Dogs. In this context, the two divisions of the company are located on the Question marks and Cash cows. ... The company emphasised on capturing higher market share by sales maximisation. However, the presence of fierce competition due to a number of competitors such as Samsung which offers products targeted to the entire age groups and classes of society, barred LG from penetrating into new business markets and attaining higher share of the market. The cash cows quadrant consists of products that generate higher profits in a short period of time which need to be replaced because of the low growth in the future, as a result of that the investments are comparatively lower. Moreover, the products in cash cows should be profitable as they are able to finance other activities in the stars and the question marks (Scribd Inc, 2012). LG’s home appliances are its core products that the company is based upon. The 60 inch Plasma Display Panels were the world’s first, to be introduced by the company in the year 1998 (LG Electronics, 2012). In the following years, the company developed va rious creative and innovative products which ultimately raised huge market share and facilitated the company to generate huge profits. Its low cost features and maintenance free appliances have ensured the company’s products to be present in almost all the households thereby, satisfying and growing among its targeted segment, mostly the females in the family. Recommendations The smart phones introduced in the markets are required to go through a drastically innovative change that will allow the product to mark a presence in the market and compete against its rivals. It has been noted that the company priced its mobile phone devices at a comparatively cheaper prices in order to target the middle and lower class people. However, in following this strategy the company relied more on providing

My business planning and presentation experience Essay

My business planning and presentation experience - Essay Example Aimed at working women aged between early 20s to late 40s, the stores would carry the designer outfits of all leading designer labels. As a sole proprietorship firm with a total Capital deployment of 350,000 of which I would contribute 100,000 and rest would be loaned from the bank. Expected the breakeven by the end of the first year Closet expects positive cash flows by the second year onwards. Over 35% of the capital is to be deployed in marketing and promotional activities I have the long term of objective of having a total of The basic idea of Designer Fashion Retail Showroom is acceptable as viable proposition. Because, the demand for designer clothes is always there and the store could maintain its identity as a store that offers a good selection, reasonable prices, a convenient location would attract and keep customers. However, on hindsight it would have been better to go for a larger single store instead of opening three small stores at three different locations all of a sudden. 4. My work experience as a sales person in the Gucci Outlet gave a lot of practical knowledge on how a retail showroom works, how it looks like, how the customers should be treated, what are the things that customers look for etc. which gave me a lot of confidence. 3. My presentation could have been a lot better. ... My work experience as a sales person in the Gucci Outlet gave a lot of practical knowledge on how a retail showroom works, how it looks like, how the customers should be treated, what are the things that customers look for etc. which gave me a lot of confidence. The Weaknesses As realized while making the plan 1. Accounting is not one of my strong subjects and that reflected badly on the financial planning of the project. There were several grey areas in the plan that ought to have been taken care of. 2. Staffing : I paid very little attention to the Human Resource Planning and could not provide a clear picture on how personnel would be recruited, paid and maintained. 3. My presentation could have been a lot better. I did not do my homework on certain aspects such as the financial viability of the project. Especially when asked why the bank would give me a loan for such a big amount I was caught on the wrong foot. Also, I could have included a little bit of meaningful humour in the presentation. The flaws in the project as reviewed 1. The main problem was that three showrooms were planned within the first month of operation. It was a very flawed idea. There was simply no way that I could have managed all three stores. Moreover, this would eat into our resources so much that it was almost like spreading myself too thin. Instead, what would have been a brighter idea to invest in a single, larger, better store. More space means more places for comfort, more places to display the merchandise, more places to keep the stock, more frontages to attract more walk-in customers. And this would also mean that I could be around to meet all my customers and offer my services to them rather than having to run around to all the three stores trying to supervise every little

US invasion of Iraq Essay Example for Free

US invasion of Iraq Essay The research paper scrutinizes the invasion of Iraq initiated by the United States. Iraqi people had undergone several adversities as a consequence of this attack and are still on the pursuit of envisioning autonomy and liberty from the herculean clench of United States. On this account, the paper tackles all the efforts made regarding the reviving and enlivening of Iraq made by several state actors in accordance to their own personal capacity. United States invaded Iraq on 19th March 2003, and an operation known by the name of â€Å"Operation Iraqi Freedom† was started together with the support of United Kingdom, Australia and Poland. On March 17, President Bush had already given an ultimatum to Saddam Hussein either to surrender or to face the military wrath of the coalition forces, but the Iraqi government fell to its knees on 9th April by the invasion initiated by the US forces which concluded with the capture of the Iraq’s capital Baghdad (Copson, 2003). In the months of January March 2003, the US gathered its troops in the Persian Gulf. The total number of troops that the US gathered to invade Iraq was 100,000, furthermore military analysts assessed that though it will be possible even to attack in the extreme heat of summer, but military experts observed that fighting war in the cooler months before May would be much more favorable for the war (Hemmer, 2003). The American President George W. Bush and British Prime Minister Tony Blaire viewed their actions as that of disarming Iraq of â€Å"Weapons of Mass Destruction† and to end Saddam Hussein’s reign of terror and his support for terrorists and their activities and obviously, to free the Iraqi people (Operation Iraqi Freedom, 2003). However after the invasion, no WMDs were ever found in Iraq. The intelligence officials furthermore agreed on this fact that no chemical weapons have been in production since the early gulf war of 90’s (SHRADER, 2006). The CIA also accepted that no weapons of mass destruction had been found in Iraq. CIA officially released a report stating that CIA was not able to locate any weapons of mass destruction (Associated Press, 2005). The question regarding Saddam’s links with terrorist organization, Al Qaeda being the most important one, was also answered. There was no evidence found regarding direct link of Saddam being supportive of terrorist groups. Certain notable US persons have also raised fingers regarding the authenticity of the claims made that Iraq is linked with Al Qaeda and can supply weapons of mass destruction to Al Qaeda too. Carl Levin Chairman of the Senate Armed Services Committee clearly stated it to be exaggeration of the issue. Senator Dianne Feinsten also said that clearly the Al Qaeda issue was hyped (HAYES, 2003). Public Relations In January 2003, an American poll showed that most of the Americans were in favor of having support from the allies before indulging itself in a war. Furthermore the American public even went for supporting big time for the President Bush in order to launch an invasion against Iraq. Polls further shifted in the favor of Bush administration following Secretary of State Collin Powell’s February 5 presentation to the Security Council (CNN, 2003). Although some polls which were later carried out showed a decline in support of war, but President Bush’s speech which he delivered on March 17, once again was fruitful in gaining support from the American people. A Washington Post – ABC News polling showed that 71% supported President Bush’s decision in going to war, and 66% supported the President’s decision in not seeking the vote from United Nations Security Council (Washington Post, 2003). But nonetheless many Americans opposed the war too and of violating a country’s sovereignty. Large rallies and anti-war demonstrations were held in many of the cities especially huge protests in San Francisco and large demonstration in New York after the war begun. Many people also believed that because of this war, there will be high level of anti-American feelings around the whole world, and it can further add fuel to the fire (Cosgrove-Mather, 2009). Development regarding post-war Iraq With the switch of Operation Iraqi Freedom from a military to a reconstruction phase, Congress with the passage of time started to get more and more demanding regarding specific information from Bush Administration’s plans for rebuilding Iraq or the post-war future of Iraq. The Chairman of The Senate Foreign Relations Committee, Richard Lugar said that for a proper functioning of democracy in Iraq, it could at least take five years for this to be successful (Lugar, 2003). In addition many of the analysts and policymakers believed that in order to rebuild Iraq, it will be required for Congress to allocate additional funds for the future, but many were of the view that international community should come forward too for rebuilding of Iraq. Several members of United Nations Security Council submitted a letter to President Bush too regarding their support for the post-war rebuilding of Iraq. Overall, Congress was of the view that after the downfall of Saddam’s reign of terror Iraq will be highly dependent on aid from the United States and the international community, particularly from the members of U.  N. Security Council as well as number of police and military forces to maintain peace and order. But the question was that for how long Iraq will be requiring United States assistance and help and how much assistance will need to be provided (Sharp, 2003). Post-Saddam Transition and Governance The U. S. aims for Iraq are for a united, democratic, and a civic Iraq that can sustain, govern, and defend it and is an ally in the global war on terrorism. The following sections discuss Iraq’s progress toward those goals. In establishing a successful and peaceful rule in the new Iraq, a lot of complexities were involved regarding various post war risks to stability in Iraq, therefore many analysts were of the view that instead of going for the democratic form of government the present Iraq might be most effectively governed under a military regime which will not be going for the restoration of full democracy in the country but instead would comply with U.  N resolutions. However no one came forward to take the role of this leadership. The Bush Administration therefore appointed a retired General, Jay Garner to take up the responsibility of administrating Iraq’s ministries. The Administration largely discarded the State Department’s Future of Iraq Project that planned the administration of Iraq after the fall of Saddam. The project cost $5 million and had 15 working groups on major issues (Department of State USA, 2005). Traditional administrative law (TAL) The Bush Administration was looking forward to holding of general elections in the late 2005 however Ayatollah Sistani and others demanded for early elections and the return of Iraqi sovereignty which ultimately led the U. S to announce that sovereignty would be returned to Iraq by June 30, 2004 and national elections to be held by the end of 2005. This whole decision was made part of an interim constitution named as Transitional Administrative Law. It was signed on 8th March 2004. It helped to provide a way for political transition and of holding of elections for National Assembly by January 31, 2005, drafting of a permanent constitution by 15th August and by providing a roadmap for national elections for a full term by 15th December 2005 (Katzman, Iraq: Post-Saddam Governance and Security, 2009). Elections of 2005 The elections for transitional National Assembly, 18 provisional councils and the Kurdish regional assembly were held in 2005. The Sunni Arabs did not take part in the elections thus enabling the Shiite United Iraqi Alliance to ally with the Kurds and to dominate the national government. The elected government formed a committee which was given the task of drafting a new constitution and the constitution got approved on 15th October 2005. Sunni opposition tried to oppose the constitution but achieved only two-thirds of â€Å"no† vote in two provinces, not in the three, required to defeat the constitution. But in the elections later held on 15th December for a first full term government the Sunnis in a way allied with the Kurds and accepted Nuri-al-Maliki as Prime Minister, he won the approval of cabinet on 20th May 2006 (Katzman, Iraq: Politics, Elections, and Benchmarks, 2009). Promoting stability internationally and domestically After the war, the U. S pressure led UAE, Kuwait, Bahrain, Jordan, Qatar, Syria and Egypt either to send ambassadors to Iraq or announced that they’ll do it in the near future. Furthermore in almost 30 years, Iraq appointed its first Ambassador to Syria. Notable leaders who visited Iraq as a beginning of a new relationship were Jordan’s King Abdullah who was the first Arab leader to do so, he visited on August 11, 2008. Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad visited in March 2008. Two of the most major steps in reconciliation efforts were the visit of Turkey’s foreign minister Tayyip Recep Erdogan and President Abdullah Gul and it was the first such visit by Turkish head of state in 30 years. The second was the visit of Kuwait’s Deputy Prime Minister Mohammad Al Sabah in February 2009. Furthermore Saudi Arabia also thought of opening an embassy in Iraq, however its still one of the pending issues and the final decision has yet to be made by the Saudi Arabia (Katzman, Iraq: Post-Saddam Governance and Security, 2009). Even before that, Secretary of the Treasury John Snow tried to use diplomatic means to promote Iraq’s recovery. What he did was to try to persuade the institutions like that of World Bank and the International Monetary Fund to support the rebuilding of Iraq. Snow reported that representatives of the G-7 industrialized nations had agreed on this decision to help Iraq in its rebuilding efforts if the U. N Security Council grants its permission. Furthermore governments were asked to forgive the debt owed by Iraq, however Russia was particularly resistant regarding the subject matter as it owed $8 billion by Iraq and was heavily in debt itself (Blustein, 2003).