The American Revolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

The American Revolution - Essay ExampleThe American Revolution was a triumph of man rights and liberties. Britain introduced several political and economic policies such(prenominal) as heavy taxation that hugely distressed Americans. Similarly, the British military was quite inhumane in handling the Whigs or patriots a clear violation of elemental human rights. Civilians were haphazardly murdered upon showing any objection to Acts such as the Townshend Acts that imposed a heavy tax on indispensable goods such as tea and paper. The patriots were given a worse treatment than the loyalists who received preferential treatment merely for being loyal to the British government (Greg, 2010). Similarly, Americans immunity of speech and movement was hugely curtailed and anyone who violated the stipulated laws guiding speech and movement faced severe penalization or death in some extreme cases. The revolutionary war, therefore, came not to portray Americas military prowess but to uphold th e spirit of constitutionalism where the power of leaders is limited, and a leadership that is inclined to the good of the people by protecting individual rights such as right to life and liberties such as liberty of association and freedom of speech. Joseph (2001) supports this important assertion in his article when he presents George chapiters 7th December 1796 speech where Washington said that the virtue and happiness of the people may be preserved, and that the Government which they have instituted (pg. 1). Britain realized that all men were created equal, and such equality must be upheld in all spheres of life.Upon the declaration of independence, after the American Revolutionary war, democracy started mushrooming in America. The Americans were so exasperate by the British government which merely imposed itself in power and subjected its subjects to immense suffering.

What is Rock Music Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

What is Rock euphony - Research Paper ExampleThe carry euphony is a different kind of music for anyone to listen, preserve for those who love it for their own reasons.The musical genre came into being as argument and roll in the United States in the 1950s. It has various styles create over years worldwide. Rock music has heavy influences from rhythm and blues, country music, menage music, jazz and classical music. More specifically, early origins of rock music can be traced to African American music modes in the Mississippi Delta.1 Rock and roll refers to the first wave of this phenomenon in the 1950s that developed into rock music, and both terms are used interchangeably to refer to the same music genre. Michael Lydon observes that there are a lot of theories about rock music, attempting to define and distinguish it, but all these theories devolve the importance if the rock genre as music2.In this regard, rock music usually features the guitar, a rock group, and a 4/4 time signature in a verse chorus form. in that location have been several variances from this norm, depending on the kind of theme being enhanced by the particular artificer doing a rock music. The music mainly explores themes in the social and political spheres, and is dominant among white youths. Incidentally, rock is hinged on electric live performances, and based on an ideological framework of originality and authenticity. Some have defined rock music as part of the United States tradition3 but Wicke opines that it is a midway between tribe music and cautious music.This midway is characterized by an emphasis on individuality and distortion of perspective. Rock music is also a midway between the pre mass media explosion and the current age, being the first genre of music commercialized and distributed through media such as television, radio and film as opposed to bourgeois music with its concert hall performances and strict structure. Wicke goes on

Should Americans Deport Illegal citizens Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Should Americans Deport Illegal citizens - Essay ExampleThe massive matters of illegal aliens effusive across mainly the southern border has and continues to cause substantial economic, social and physical harms to legal citizens. These harms overhaul predominantly to those who are among the most vulnerable segments of the population, minorities, children and the poor. Simply enforcing the laws presently on the books and deporting illegal aliens is an economic indispensability that would besides moment in decreased crime rates.Illegal immigrants receive more from public monies than they confer which lowers the standard of living for legal citizens. Illegal immigrants contribute greatly to the overall population growth and wellness care, education and employment are the most impacted. Salaries are driven down by illegal immigrants unstrained to work for much less while their children, illegal and legal, overcrowd the schools. Its the U.S. taxpayer who is sent the bill for the ir health care services as well. In addition, the large influx of illegal aliens burdens the already inadequate number of units classified as affordable housing and other welfare resources such as energy, water and dry land usage (Illegal Immigration, 2003). Those that support amnesty of illegal aliens currently in the U.S. argue that deportations would result in the splitting of families. Children born in this country could stay but their illegal parents would have to leave. They also express that it would be unfair for a child that has lived in the U.S. all their life to be absolutely thrust into the conditions of a third world country. While that is a compelling and reasonable argument, the cost is withal great.

Marketing and Strategy Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

marketing and Strategy Analysis - Assignment ExampleStrategic decisions are concerned with the issue of setting a direction for the organization to move or the course the organization will follow. Though very crucial, in so far preparing strategic moves for future often is not always based on hard fact, but on presumptions as well. It involves past experience, forecasting and surround-effect. Reckitt Benckiser has over the year successfully implemented the strategy of edifice strong brands across all its key categories like surface care, framework care, dishwashing, home care, health and personal care and food. If Lysol is a leading brand in disinfectant cleaning, Calgon holds the number one market position in fabric care in Europe. Similarly placed are the major categories like Vanish (fabric care), Veet (cosmetic depilatories), Mortein (pest concord) and Airwick (air fragrance). This strategy has compensable rich dividends for the company with its top 15 brands consistently a ccounting for a majority of the companys revenues, from 40% of correspond revenues in 2001 to virtually 56% in 2005. such a brand creation in divers(prenominal) categories allows Reckitt toThe consumer products business is mainly driven by triplet basic demographic factors population growth, household shaping and household income growth. Reckitt Benckiser has been consistently on the lookout for such a market in order to render strong growth in many such exploitation markets. Increasing focus on the developing markets like India and China are part of this strategy. The strategy of Brand building in such a market helps in deep penetration of the product reach. This way the investment in brand building is more than compensated by the market revenues.Reckitt Benckiser has made strategic moves with the help of the management comprising of young as well as experienced with careful selection of team from different nationalities in order to fleece contributions from them in good me asure which helps in devising marketing strategies for different markets. Bart Becht, Chief decision maker Officer, a Dutch national leads the pack. He has served many good companies in various capacities. Bart is followed by five Executive Vice Presidents with Javed Ahmed (a Pakistani), Freddy Caspers (a German), Rakesh Kapoor (Indian), Alain Le Goff (French national) and Elio Leoni-Sceti (Italian). Company has segmented its market broadly in three categories worldwide North America & Australia, Europe and Developing markets. This helps the company in gaining a broader outlook about different markets.PESTLE analysis for Reckitt BenckiserPESTLE stands for political, economical, socio-cultural, technological, legal and ecological factors.Political The range of products that Reckitt Benckiser is in, doesnt make it besides controversial and unpopular with any government or society. The company has committed itself to the health, safety and welfare at work of its employees complying w ith applicable health & safety legal requirements and, the continual improvement of its health & safety control arrangements and performance. The products too are categorized as safe and great emphasis is laid in reason all the issues involving safety associated with its products. Keeping high standards of safety saves it from the ire of the political classes as

Analytical report on the international marketing strategy of BreadTalk Term Paper

Analytical report on the international trade strategy of BreadTalk in Singapore entering United Kingdom - Term Paper ExampleThe confederacy sells a wide range of products that include bread, buns, cakes and pastries. During the early years after inception, the companys trading operations were centralised and the baking process right from the preparation of dough to the final process of topping of apiece objects of bakery was done at individual retail stores (BreadTalk Group Ltd, 2013). However, as the company continued to grow, and the intention of establishing franchisees was conceptualised, the company created a single central kitchen and shifted its headquarters to KA FoodLink, on September of 2001. Moreover, the company acquired more blank and current machinery in 2002 to expand its production capacity. Currently, the company has about 746 retail outlets with over 7000 workers throughout Singapore, Hong Kong, affection Ease and China.Our vision is, establishing BreadTalk as abrand and enterprise known for its innovative, trend setting and delicious bread and pastries, which we believe we can achieve through franchising by opening new outlets both in the existing and new markets e.g. the current one being the United Kingdom.Our mission statement is leading a new lifestyle culture with new innovative changes and creative differentiation to craft products with passion and sonority. Thus, this mission statement implies that as a company we want we want to employ a blend in of strategies to create a new culture at the company that embodies the production of quality vibrant crafted products that atomic number 18 better and bring satisfaction to the consumers than those of consumers.At BreadTalk we are happy with our financial performance given that we contrive already surpassed the half-way point of S$1billion revenue mark towards our 2016 target (Iesingapore.Gov, n.d.). The excellent performance has been attributed to our current strategies and inten sify growth. Firstly, since inception we have use the franchising strategy to venture into new markets. For instance as at 2009 declination we

TV industry - factors in change, changing face of the industry Research Paper

TV fabrication - factors in change, changing face of the sedulousness - Research Paper ExampleTraditionally, the factors that often caused changes in the companies are competing, strategies and the industrys life cycle. These have been superseded by technology in the recent past which has forced the industries to change various changes in their systems and operations lest they become irrelevant in the current market. There is a great need for any industry to adopt and be at pace with the changing technology so as to improve on its competitive level, changing its strategies to merge the trend and the right distribution channels. The media industry and in particular television has been undergoing many of these changes. Right from the mode of transmission to the contents of what is being aired. In the last decade, television used to be a medium of communication that brought people of diverse cultures together over common programs and was more focussed on information as opposed to the current consumer call for for entertainment. Consumers are currently demanding more entertainment requiring the TV industry to relate its service to consumer needs. In dealings to some business models, Porters forces of analysis have been of great importance to the industries in reservation their qualitative evaluation of the firms progress and make necessary adjustments. These factors include the threat of unfermented entrants in the market, bargaining power of the suppliers, bargaining power of the buyers, the threat of the substitute products and the intensity of competition rivalry. applied science advancement has greatly affected the television industry and prominently changed its lifecycle (Okoye, 2013). Internet accessibility is one of the major(ip) factors that have revolutionized the television industry. Video Streaming, social media and new forms of completion have taken the TV industry by storm. Many consumers prefer streaming videos and movies online other than s itting

Personal statement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 11

Personal bid - Essay ExampleI have gone through the course outline and have fare to the conclusion that the courses offered and the way in which they are organised and conducted, would benefit me immensely if I am to muddle a name in the field of fabric designing. The skills that I ordain be taught through this MA programme, including the innovation taught in your course work and the personal master project I will be required to develop, would be of immense value to me once I enter the professional field of textile designing.This would not only enable me to realise my true capabilities as a textile designer, the police squad projects would in like manner make it possible for me to better my interpersonal and communicational skills. By working on these required team projects I would be able to better both my management and team working skills. These are either truly valued skills in the field of textile designing, and I feel the programme at your wreak would help me a great deal in this regard as well.Moreover, the professional links that I will make during this time would be an asset. I know that if enrolled in this programme I will be given the opportunity to be taught by, and work with, people who have already put their score in the industry. This would be an immensely valuable experience, as I would be learning from the professionals working towards a better work ethic along with establishing contacts that would be useful to me in the future.Another factor that make me decide on this course was the location of your campus. It would be very easy, not to mention convenient, for me to attend classes at an institute that is so close to my home. But of course, this factor did not play a key usance when choosing an MA programme, though it is nonetheless one of the things that adds the charm of this course in my eyes.I would be very much interested in learning more about the multidisciplinary approach that the

Removal of junk foods from vending machines Research Paper

Removal of toss away foods from hawking machines - question Paper ExampleThis paper aims to discuss concerns related to the junk food being delivered with the aid of huckster machines. Many people find these junk food stuff like pizza, burger and french-fries tastier and easier to eat than the regular meal. They atomic number 18 getting more fame, especially with kids from school ages as they easily get fantasized by the appearance and understanding of these junk food items and start avoiding the healthy food to get some of the junk food. Most of the schools and colleges give birth junk food items in their cafeteria and vending machines that allow students to choose between the home-cooked food and junk food. The vending machines ar not further restricted to schools and colleges, but now they can be found at shopping malls and cinemas, where people cannot bring any eatables or water along with them and therefore, they are not remaining with any option but to consume junk fo od just now (JimB, 2011). To me, this is an new(prenominal) wiz of the enlarged habits that people have adopted, without realizing what price they might have to pay for it. Therefore, my opinion is that this new trend of increase consumption of junk foods rather than nutritional food items, and soft drinks instead of water should be discouraged, as it certainly has an untoward impact on ones life, both physically and socially. ... evealed that not only heart diseases but also lack of energy, depression, and lowering of ones I.Q are some of the adverse effects caused by consuming high amount of junk foods in the nonchalant lives (JimB, 2011). Also, soft drinks that are now mostly part of every days meal can effect ones health badly due to the high proportion of carbonated soda in them that softens the tooth decorate gradually and could result in inner tooth damage over the period of regular consumption (Keefer, 2011). non only this, but the fast food trend has also eliminated the element of eating together to a great extent. A family having more home-cooked food typically sits together and shares their days experience and other things on the dinner table, but as these junk foods have eliminated the need of sitting and eating, the tradition of a combined meal has also started to fade. The government should see this issue as a matter of concern, and should father up with measures to reduce consumption of junk foods. One thing that can be done in this regard is to remove these junk food items from the vending machines. This could result in a profound lessening in the schools and cinemas revenue however, for the sake of peoples health it is not something which is too much to hold for. A practice carried out by the California High Schools to remove junk food items from schools canteens, resulted in lowering of the calorie intake of their schools students in comparison to other state students (OConnor, 2012). This makes it clear that other than just the pot ato chips, there are several other junk foods too that people consume daily from the vending machines, thus adding a significant amount to their fat and calories levels. Another disadvantage of this is that serving junk foods to school kids

Plasma Membrane and Diffusion Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

plasm Membrane and Diffusion - Case Study ExampleDiffusion is a means of active beam which results from thermal, random movement of molecular particles from regions of high concentrations to regions of low concentrations(3). There are six factors which influence dispersions in nomadics, these includes Concentration gradient, size of the molecules involved, Distance travelled by the molecules, Temperature of the medium and the molecules, Solubility of the molecule and the surface heavens of the plasma membrane in which the molecule can carry out its activities, Hence the rate of diffusion is given by the ratio of the product of solubility, gradient, temperature, surface and the product of distance the molecules moves by the square cornerstone of the mass of the molecule. Diffusion can be classified into three categories or types, which include simple diffusion, leave diffusion and facilitated diffusion(3).Simple diffusion occurs when micro or small non-polar molecular particles go through a fluid (liquid or gases) mostly liquids through a lipid bilayer. This diffusion type is characterized by hydrophobic molecules sorrowful to hydrophobic regions without being rejected(3). Hydrophilic molecules do not participate in simple diffusion because they would be rejected when they move into the hydrophobic region of the membrane.Channel diffusion is a type of attainive transport which involves ancestry proteins in which the molecule moves through an open, aqueous pore and it can be regulated. Charged particles and ions can pass through the pore (1).

Is Genre a useful category for the understanding of films made in Essay

Is Genre a useful category for the understanding of films made in China and lacquer - Essay ExampleA scholar that suggests that there is an Ameri flock music genre would be immediately attacked by his colleagues for oversimplifying an obviously complex, multifaceted gamut of movies. So the question of whether there is a Chinese or Nipponese genre of film may be answered in the affirmative if unmatchable sees genre in merely the reference short-hand manner. If, that is, the audience is American or British. The definition of genre in this sense will be having a preponderance of Chinese or Japanese actors, and in either Mandarin or the Japanese spoken communication. This is preferably simplistic, and might be regarded as offensive or even racist, but it does reflect one of the most simple definitions of genre.China can be divided between Hong Kong, the mainland controlled by the nominally communist government and then Taiwan, which represents a whole other development both politi cally and artistically. So it can be said that a Chinese genre is redundant beyond the audience-expectation type of definition. Turning to Japanese cinema, while more culturally homogenous, Japan also presents difficulties for the simple definition. Donald Richie, the leading Western scholar of Japanese cinema, states that many Japanese films indeed have a sense of what he calls Japaneseness. He describes this as the jubilance of evanescence.4 This evanescence is shown by Japanese film-makers at bottom a paradoxical desire to have their films be temporary rather than permanent. Thus Richie quotes the director Ozu, who stated, the attractive thing about film is this transience, this mist-like vanishing quality.5 The director Naruse goes even further, suggesting that films should eer vanish a few weeks after release, perhaps this is what films should be, things that live on only in the audiences memory, or vanish into thin air.6The wish to have their films vanish into thin air is r ather ironic for two reasons. First, it counters the traditional advantage that film is said to have over theatre its permanence as opposed to mutability. Second, in darkly humorous irony, this rather intellectual wish has been granted to the vast absolute legal age of Japanese film-makers, whether or not they desired the honor. Thus the majority of Japanese films (more than 90% of pre-WWII movies) have vanished because they did not survive the film chemistry or the war of the time. Even with film production since 1945, a majority of Japanese films now no longer exist and can only be referenced within the memories of actors, writers etc.

Marketing Financial Services Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Marketing financial Services - Essay ExampleThis paper will deal with in detail the issues and challenges faced by Barclays Bank as well as a clear and well drawn out raise analysis of the company. The paper will first bequeath an overview of the company and will withal discuss in detail the reasons for choice of the bank. Overview of Company Barclays Banks has been one of the trusted and well known banks crossways almost 50 countries. The bank has been able to cater to the markets and provide the customers with excellent banking facilities for over three hundred years. Spread crosswise fifty countries, the company employees around 145,000 employees and services almost 48 million customers humanswide. The company deals with several divers(prenominal) activities and services like retail banking, credit cards, corporate banking, investment banking, wealth solicitude and investment management services with an extensive international presence in Europe, the Americas, Africa and A sia (Barclays Bank, 2011). The bank is made of two main clusters, i.e. international Retail Banking and Corporate and Investment Banking and Wealth Management. Each of these clusters has a number of individual parentage units as well. Another major part of the company is the Group Center. The company is head by Group hot seat Marcus Agius and the Chief Executive is Robert E. Diamond, Jr. The company is headquartered in Churchill Place in London. It however caters to the markets across the world both for its products and services (Barclays Business, 2011). Reasons for Choice Barclays Bank has been recognised for its international nature and the bank has make its image across Asia, America, Europe and Africa. The companys brand name and image that it has created allows it to become a name for every home. Also, Barclay has been extremely successful in marketing itself over the years (Barclays Sustainability, 2011). The bank has substantial a strong brand image across the globe. Al so, Barclays overall strategies and corporate focus is also an excellent example to body of work and analyse the SWOT. Hence this company proves to be an excellent example to study here. Barclays Strategy and Principles As in the case of every bank, the main aim of the company is to provide credit to businesses and households, to help improve their growth and jobs. Barclay has also constantly focused on improving its business by diversifying into different areas (Barclays Bank, 2011). A major attempt of the company is to increase its presence in the markets and segments, and this has understandably been achieved by means of innovative products and services for customers across the world (Barclay Card, 2011). All strategies of the company are ground on three main aspects i.e. Earn, Invest and Grow (Barclays Bank, 2011). The groups ambition and the overall perpetration have grown the company to become a part of the universal banks. Barclays also has set take in four main strategic priorities which include, a) To be able to build the best bank in UK, intensify and increased global growth, development of both retail as well as commercial activities across selected countries outside of the United Kingdom and last but not the least operational excellence (Barclays

Language Development in Infants and Toddlers Essay

Language Development in Infants and Toddlers - Essay ExampleSimilarly, for toddlers you can do the same occupation by teaching him complex adjectives like heavy and light, beautiful and ugly, wide and narrow, shallow and deep, by pointing push through such objects for him and making utterances. For example, lift a heavy suitcase and utter, Ooooooh How heavy it is, and he leave custody the idea that big things are heavy. Morphemic Knowledge Morphemic knowledge teaches children the word structure (Otto). For infants, it is a very good body process for the parents to read stories to them at bedtime. My mother used to tell fairytales to my brother when he was an infant and he always seemed to respond with his goo-goo, and he would fall down to sleep very quickly. I remember that he had started talking much earlier than any of us siblings. A similar activity for toddlers can be hearing from the toddler at night how he passed his day. He would make a story of it and would also make mi stakes, like saying, I drinked milk, instead of I drank milk, hardly the parent should repeat the corrected sentence instead of interrupting him, like saying, Oh really you drank milk Doing so will teach him morphemic knowledge. References Otto, B. (2007). Literacy Development in Early Childhood. Reflective Teaching for Birth to Age Eight. the States Pearson/Merrill Prentice Hall.

Passion of Apostle Paul Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

heat energy of Apostle capital of Minnesota - Research Paper typesetters caseHe a. did not pride over his equality with God (Philippians 26). b. humbled himself and took the nature of a servant (Philippians 27). c. humbled and became obedient to death (Philippians 28). 3. saviors humility resulted to him macrocosm glorified (Philippians 29-9-11). a. Was given a promise above all consults (Philippians 29). b. The name will cause all creation, on earth and in heaven to bow (Philippians 210). c. The name will cause every tongue to confess that Jesus is Lord, for the Glory of God (Philippians 29-11). Passion of Apostle Paul Introduction Jesus said he is the Way, the Truth and Life and no one raise go to the father except through in. In other words, he was coitus the believers that unless they walked as he did, they would never see God. It is through the acceptance and emulation of the example of Jesus that believers can learn to align to the mind and ways of Jesus. One fibre of Jesus that stood out among all was humility and this is well illustrated in Philippians 21-11. By give birthing this character, it will be very easy for believers to fellowship with each other, living in peace, experience unity with Christ and treat each other with love, kindness, patience, while portraying self-lessness, gentleness, goodness. Basically, Philippians 21-11 is a call for the believers to simulate the humility of Jesus. Content The book of Philippians was written by Paul to the church of Philippians and by extension, all other Christians. At this time, Paul was in prison in Rome and was writing to thank the church in Philippians for the help they accorded him. He told them about what he went through in Rome and how his detriment helped to spread the gospel. He also used this book to warn them of priding in the flesh, advise them and encourage them to excite on in their Christian walk. In Philippians 21-11, Paul narrowed his teaching into calling the believers to e mulate the humble nature of Christ1. In his writing, Paul is pleading with the Christians to sum up every good character they had by having the same mind as that of Christ. He went ahead to illustrate of the level of humility Christ had and how this humility cause him and God to be glorified. When Paul was writing this letter, he knew that the believers always longed for the encouragement and foster that comes through unity with Christ and fellowship with the Holy Spirit. Through these verses, Paul took a step of telling the Philippians that if they really longed for the consolation of the love of Christ, unity with him and fellowship with the spirit, there are some characters they must possess or things they must do for this to be complete 2. Personally, Paul also always longed for the strengthening of the Christians and their matureness in Christianity till they reached the stature of Christ. He knew this was the surest thing that they could qualify them to enter heaven and this would be his joy. He therefore tells them to make his joy complete by possessing the characters he was listing to them. In Philippians 22, Paul calls on the Christians to be likeminded, have the same love, and be one in spirit and of one mind. By telling them to be likeminded, be one in spirit and mind, Paul was advising them to avoid any differences amongst themselves and have one focus. He was also stressing on the need for unity that would arise if the church became one in the spirit. In this case, if they all waked under the influence of the Holy Spirit. Just as the Holy Spirit is in perfect

GBST300 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

GBST300 - Essay Examples relevant atomic engineering science in manufacturing atomic energy and fundamental information to states that are not cognise as Nuclear Weapon countries by the conformity on the Reduction of Nuclear Weapons, is one of the study ways in which non- atomic powers and terrorists build thermonuclear weapons.The upkeep of global stability and security is an essential circumstances of the United Nations mission. Weapons of mass destruction (WMD) chemical, biological, nuclear, or radiological weapons that can bring harm to large figures of flock and infrastructure have been at the forefront of worldwide security concerns since the advent of the UN. The production of viable nuclear weapons means of delivery, threatens incalculable consequences for global stability and prosperity especially from countries, which part of the NPT possess important unsafeguarded nuclear activities. Countries such as India, Israel and Pakistan are normally categorize as states that are not part of the NPT.The growing of international terrorism has added a new dimension to an old problem, as global and regional tensions rise, technology improves, and security falters in critical areas, giving rise to an international black market for WMD.Dr. Khan, a metallurgical engineer and the architect of Pakistan bomb is considered the mastermind of the largest illicit nuclear proliferation network in history who had begun selling nuclear technology to Iran in the late 1980s. This signaled the opening of business for an enterprise that eventually spread to North Korea, Libya and beyond to

Facing the Hard Facts of Life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Facing the Hard Facts of Life - Essay Example born(p) in a well-to-do urban business class family, life had always been a cakewalk for me. A cakewalk, till the day the hard facts of life were thrust on me I remember having a carefree childhood, cushioned in the warm, caring love of my parents and elder sister. Being the younger child, and a fat one with dimples to go with my naturally good looks, I was the apple of everyones eye. Parents, grandparents, aunts, uncles, teachers, seniors, friends, and later girlfriends, everyone simply love me. Life was just beautiful. In tutor, I was good in studies, sports and extra curricular activities. Dads business was thriving and we were used to the best in life. We lived in a palatial house, went to the best school in town, dined in fine restaurants on weekends with dads friends and had a chauffeur driven limousine to drop my sister and me to school every day. Once in a couple of years, we would have a foreign holiday. What more could one as k for in life? At least, that is what I thought when I entered my teens.

Army Nurse Corps Essay Example for Free

host Nurse Corps moveAll women in the Army served then in either the Army Nurse Corps or the Womens Army Corps (WAC). All Army nurses were officers, and were Direct Commissions. That is, they became nurses first and then attended a ten day or so Orientation Course at (Ft. Sam Houston, Texas) to teach them how to be officers, the rudiments of military life, who to salute and when, etc. (There were a small number of male nurses who went done the alike program. ) Nurses were assigned to Army hospitals, both Stateside and overseas, and were billeted identifyly from male officers.In Vietnam, Army nurses served exclusively in rear-area hospitals at major bases. The Womens Army Corps (WAC) provided all Army female enlisted personnel and also had its confess officers. Most WAC officers exclusively administered WAC units, but a handful received assignments to staff positions and other rear-echelon duties. In Vietnam, enlisted WACs performed broadly speaking clerical duties, althou gh some worked as medical examination technicians. Whatever their duty assignments, all enlisted women, on any base, change surface in the States, were billeted together as a single WAC Company in a guarded compound.(WAC officers had separate quarters, of course. ) Within this compound, in their barracks, WACs pulled their own guard, armed with baseball bats and whistles. (Neither WACs or nurses were issued weapons, and even those sent to Vietnam had exclusively rudimentary firearms training. ) One tiny WAC unit (peak strength, 20 officers and 139 enlisted women) was assigned to Saigon, and nowhere else in-country. No WACs, even medical personnel, got any closer to combat than this. Eight US servicewomen died in Vietnam.Of these, four Army nurses and an Air jampack flight nurse were killed in three separate, non-combat, plane crashes, and another died from disease. An older nurse died of a stroke. entirely wiz woman, Army 1LT Sharon Ann Lane, was actually killed in a combat ac tion, in a VC rocket bombardment on Chu Lai, in 1969. Besides nurses and WACs other American women would also go to Vietnam. TOD and China strand covered most of the categories. American Red Cross girls, entertainers, civilian employees of the US government or contract firms, newspaper correspondents, Christian missionaries, that about covers it.ARC girls made brief daylight visits (a few hours) to advance bases. The oddment had rear-area jobs. (Christian missionaries were usually older, married women. ) American civilian women lived in major Vietnamese cities, which were off-limits to US troops, the exception being Saigon. Any women billeted on US bases also lived in guarded compounds. Susan ONeill served as an Army nurse in Vietnam from 1969 to 1970. Dont Mean No involvement is her first book, written nearly 30 years after the experiences it depicts.ONeill tells us that, (ONeill, p. 15) Before I went, I just assumed that state of war would involve injury and death thats why I was being sent there, after all. But its one thing to look at it from a distance, and form neat mental pictures. Once you step through the looking glass, as it were, into the reality of itonce your sneakers are full of somebody elses bloodyou look at the whole thing quite differently. The bloods no longer a metaphor it goes through to your socks and into the skin of your feet.Into your soul. ONeill gives us a clearer definition of what Vietnam was truly like. She offers that it wasnt a place where you played around because peoples lives were at stake. The author goes on to tell us that, Back in the states, when I so glibly feeling I knew what Vietnam and war, in general, was about, I had opposed it on some cool-headed philosophical basis, from some distant ruling of empathy. Gradually, in Vietnam, I became horrified at how callow my ideas had been.

University and Scholar Ship Funding Essay Example for Free

University and Scholar Ship Funding EssayShould college athletes be paid? Thesis nonprofessional athletes at the major college, should not be paid for college sports instead college athletes should be thankful they are receiving exuberant 4 year scholar ship funding, that is treated like a pro contract where it canful be terminated if one was injured or a recruiting mistake. I. Should Ncaa Athletes be paid? A. Study shows that environ Madness has become a huge become a huge business in the college sports scene.B. The Ncaa sort out a 6 billion dollar revenue off broadcasting the teams and alsoathletic convocations receive millions of dollars if there team advances in the tournament. C. College athletes dont get to see whatever of the money, as they risk career ending injuries all the while as they step on the court, field, and rink. II. why should college athletes be paid? A. Research shows that division 1 scholarships are 25,000 per year which equal 100,000 for the cour se of four years. B. Being athlete is a full time job there is little to none time for working for extra money for the student. C.Athletes earn their schools thousands of dollars, increased in enrollment, and great recruiting prospects for the later years. III. Why shouldnt college athletes get paid? A. There are less popular teams in the college scene that does not fall upon the university a lot of revenue, so why pay if all are struggling B. Instead of receiving a salary college athletes need to be worried about achieving a degree. C. Players are receiving an advanced education at universities and colleges that thousands of Americans cant attend. IV. Conclusion Trevon Marshall Rough Draft.

Nothing Is Permanent in This World Other Than Change Essay Example for Free

Nothing Is Permanent in This world Other Than Change EssayNothing is permanent in this world Other than the Change -is a famous proverb. In this mechanical world all of us are moving towards the pursuit of funds having not even single second to spare, to think of world. So I would like to bring to bit 3 most prickling things in my mind, which I think, given a power I pull up stakes surely change, to make the world a better place to live inPoverty concord to my view is a thorn in flesh of the world. Society in India is very sharply shared out between Haves and Have Nots. With all the wealth of the country getting so accumulated in a few hands the rest of the population find it difficult to even make 2 ends meet. So obvious reason for poverty is distribution of wealth which is too uneven. On one side India is jumper lead gold importer in the world, whereas on other side India has most number of population that cannot even fall in for a single meal as stated as follows Rich continues to expire richer-andPoor continues to become poorer Recent news coverage in media focusses fully on Indians and their illegal blackmoney deposited in Swiss and Morocco banks, and a pitiful fact is that most of them having account are politicians of our very own country. Isnt it a medium-large shame for our nation? Harmful effect of poverty include mitigation of crime activities like theft, robbery, smuggling, kidnapping, slicker

Homeostatic Imbalances Essay Example for Free

Homeostatic Imbalances EssayHigh telephone circuit pressure (HBP) is a skillful condition that fucking lead to coronary heart disease, heart failure, stroke, kidney failure, and other health problems. downslope pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls of the arteries as the heart pumps blood. If this pressure rises and stays high oer time, it can rail at the body in many ways. Overview The condition itself usually has no signs or symptoms. You can have it for years without knowing it. During this time, though, HBP can damage your heart, blood vessels, kidneys, and other parts of your body. Knowing your blood pressure numbers is important, even when youre feeling fine. If your blood pressure is approach pattern, you can work with your health pull off team to keep it that way. If your blood pressure is too high, treatment may help prevent damage to your bodys organs. Blood Pressure Numbers Blood pressure is measured as systolic (sis-TOL-ik) and diastolic (di- ah-STOL-ik) pressures. systolic refers to blood pressure when the heart beats while pumping blood. Diastolic refers to blood pressure when the heart is at rest between beats.You most often will see blood pressure numbers pen with the systolic number above or before the diastolic number, such as 120/80 mmHg. (The mmHg is millimeters of mercurythe units used to measure blood pressure. ) Blood pressure doesnt stay the same all the time. It lowers as you sleep and rises when you wake up. Blood pressure also rises when youre excited, nervous, or active. If your numbers stay above normal most of the time, youre at risk for health problems. The risk grows as blood pressure numbers rise. Prehypertension pith you may end up with HBP, unless you take steps to prevent it.If youre being treated for HBP and have double up readings in the normal range, your blood pressure is under control. However, you still have the condition. You should see your doctor and bind your treatment plan to keep y our blood pressure under control. What is diabetes? Diabetes is the condition in which the body does not properly process food for use as energy. Most of the food we eat is turned into glucose, or sugar, for our bodies to use for energy.The pancreas, an organ that lies near the stomach, makes a hormone called insulin to help glucose get into the cells of our bodies. When you have diabetes, your body both doesnt make enough insulin or cant use its own insulin as well as it should. This causes sugars to framing up in your blood. This is why many people refer to diabetes as sugar. Diabetes can cause serious health complications including heart disease, blindness, kidney failure, and lower-extremity amputations. Diabetes is the seventh leading cause of death in the United States. What are the types of diabetes?

Difference Between Audit & Investigation Essay Example for Free

Difference Between scrutinize Investigation EssayInvestigation is the act of detail interrogation of activities so as to achieve accepted objectives. Specially, probe is made in suspected places. It finds out the nature and reasons of suspected areas but studying is the act of examining books of accounts so as to prove true and fairness of operating results and fiscal position of a business. Following differences erect be seen between size uping and investigation1. Purpose An canvas is carried out for the purpose of ascertaining whether or not the eternal rest sheet and profit and loss account show true and fair view of the state of companys personal business and its profit or loss. But an investigation aims at establishing a fact or is carried out for nigh particular purpose i.e. to know the financial position of the concern or the earning capacity of the concern etcetera2. On Behalf An audit is carried out on behalf of the proprietor of the business, while an inve stigation may be conducted on behalf proprietors when they suspect any fraud in their business or on behalf of outside parties who wish to alter money or intend to purchase business or at the instance of the government on the request of the shareholders.3. Scope An audit includes solely an examination of the accounts of a business whereas an investigation covers not only an examination of the accounts but also an inquiry into other relevant matters connected with the purpose for which it is undertaken.4. Use Of Techniques An audit is usually a test checking but an investigation is a much more thorough examination of the books of accounts. It goes into the depth of the problem and keeps on looking for far more definite evidence to arrive at a conclusion that it can firmly substantiate. Further, investigation may be conducted even after the audit of the accounts.5. Period An audit is related to only a year or six months while investigation may cover several years.6. Statutory Obligat ion In the case of joint stock companies, audit is compulsory under law while there is no such statutory obligation with construe to investigation.7. Examination Use Of Policies In audit, an auditor has to see whether the methods of valuation and other accounting policies have been consistently followed or not and he has to ensure that all disclosures have been properly made in the financial statements, while an investigation is not at all bound by accounting conventions, policies and disclosure requirements.

Rene Descartes and a discription Essay Example for Free

Rene Descartes and a discription EssayRene Descartes (1596-1650) was not lone(prenominal) a philosopher tho also a mathematician and scientist. As a philosopher, he used skepticism as a fashion of baffleing the truth of every(prenominal). His judgement was to dubiety everything, and in suspecting everything, allthing that couldnt be doubted was definite. I get out doubt everything that corporation possibly be doubted, he reasons, and if anything is left, then(prenominal) it will be absolutely certain. (Moore/Bruder 93) This, Descartes felt was the only way to obtain truth and knowledge. This method was to take away all the confidence in everything that was taught to us, what we scent out and believe, and the things we take as being obvious. To actually determine if we know anything is for certain we must doubt it all disregarding all we knew about it before. So everything we currently believe is open to discussion and can be questioned. Descartes Method of Doubt in corporated cardinal well-known conjectures, a dream conjecture and the sliminess demigod conjecture. What the dream conjecture is, is the notion that everything that is reality might just be a dream.Adding to the dream conjecture, is the evil demon conjecture. This evil demon conjecture, in essence, is the concept that if this all reality, is just a dream, then perhaps there is an evil demon that is deceiving our minds with these false images of reality. So, we cant assume that our bodies or that anything of our experience make its and can be trusted to be true. For everything we know could be just a dream and not real at all and controlled by a deceiver. No, Descartes was not out of his mind. He was awargon that these two conjecture he composed sounded far-fetched.However, that was the whole point. Descartes was on a quest to find certainty in an any-case-possibility. What Descartes came up with later(prenominal) going through with(predicate) and doubting everything was the cogito, ergo sum or I think, therefore I am. What this meant was if you are thinking, you are make iting. The self that doubts its own institution must surely exist to be able to doubt in the first place. (Moore/Bruder 93) Subsequently, this was the only true thing we can know to be real. We know that we exist at least in a form of a mind.So we can doubt our sensible existence but not our mental existence because you can think. To take this a step come along he developed the clear and distinct test. The clear and distinct test was a test to find out what was true with clarity and distinctness. Meaning, anything that is clear and distinct is true. Using this clear and distinct test, Descartes came to the conclusion that beau ideal, in fact, exists. Descartes believed he viewed perfection clearly and distinctively, and further, God would not let an evil demon toy with his mind, if such a thing did exist.Descartes also thought that there were two distinct substances beyond G od, and these two substances were veridical substance and mind substance. The material substance was all that exists and occupies space and the mind substance is that of thought. Because a substance, gibe to Descartes, requires nothing other than itself to exist, it follows that mind and matter are totally independent of each other. (Moore/Bruder 95) The result to these two substances being independent of each other is called parallelism.The mind, they argued, does not really cause the body to move. When I will that my hand should move, my act of willing only appears to cause my hand to move. (Moore/Bruder 97)Descartes felt that God was the one who was regard in the mental things that happened and the sequence of material actions. He believed God was the reason those two things happened to happen together. This idea was called occasionalism. Descartes was first to make this systematic account of the mind and body relationship, and also the souls contact with the body. (Rorty).D escartes essentially through everything, approached all metaphysical issues by going back and trying to pick apart everything about the underlying things. Descartes tried to discover metaphysical truth about what is through epistemological inquiry about what can be know. (Moore/Bruder 97) The profit of Descartes ideas is that in the dismissal of everything makes you question and look at elements that may be overlook because it is human to draw on experience. So, to clear oneself of all former beliefs leaves everything wide open for exploration and opens up a wider scope.The puzzle I find in his distinct and clear theory is Descartes proof of Gods existence. In proving the existence of God he uses handbill reasoning. This circular reasoning is called the Cartesian Circle. The Cartesian Circle is the circular reasoning that, on one hand, we can only know that God exists because we clearly and distinctively distinguish it, and on the other hand, we can only know that our clear an d distinct perceptions are true because God exits. (Loeb 200-235) This type of reasoning doesnt make any concrete conclusions on the existence of God.It just keeps going or so in a circle, one right after the other. Descartes believe that only his perceptions could be deceived not his mind. So since God was good and perfect, he wouldnt allow him to be deceived, therefore God exists. To explain his ideas on the existence of God, Descartes states that if one can have an idea of a perfect being, which is God, then a perfect being must exist if we can think it in our minds. All of this to me, doesnt show any solid proof. sluice though you can think something in your mind, doesnt mean it must exits.I can think gobs of things in my mind personally, that doesnt necessary mean that somewhere, maybe not in the physical world I experience, truly exists. Also, if God did exists, and if God is perfect, as Descartes claims, then why does Atheism and such religious beliefs exist? Wouldnt perfe ction be if God could exist and not be questionable? Because what Descartes believes is all that we can embrace clearly and distinctively exists, and he had not given any way that explains how you can perceive God clearly and distinctively, other than stating he can perceive in his mind.Also, another thing that is a problem in Descartes method is his goal of proving the existence of the outside world was not valid by any substantial means. There is no proof that any physical object exists aside from a ascend universal belief that the external world exists. What Descartes says, is that since God makes us believe that there is an external world, then there must be one. However, there are lots of mistakes in his proof of God and it isnt truly valid. So, therefore we cannot say anything in this external world does exist or either God, based on the knowledge I have obtained on the subject matter on Descartes.From what I have discover on Descartes and his philosophical ideas, there are many holes and things to argued as Im sure is in most theories. Nonetheless, level though his ideas arent entirely credible to myself, I feel that his contributions to the field of philosophy are eminent. Descartes had brought lots of over-the-hill questions of past philosophers and tried to rationalize them, he failed in my opinion to come up with any fitted answers for what he was trying to prove. However, he did prompt other philosophers in his progression to come up later with some better answers to some of these ideas.

How Accurate Is It to Say That the Black Power Movements Essay Example for Free

How Accurate Is It to Say That the dingy precedent Movements EssayIn some slipway I agree that the dingy power Movements of the 1960s achieved nothing for the Black battalion because by 1968 diminished had changed, and it is therefore easy to claim that Black authority operations achieved nothing, and in fact had a negative shock on shady Ameri rouses. However in some ways I disagree because the Black reason deeds in the early 1960s coincided with the peak of success for the graciousized Rights sweat such as the immunity cities of 1966 or the Free D. C. movement.Firstly I agree that the Black Power Movements achieved nothing for Black people relations between King and other civilised Rights groups were never entirely secure, and he was often charge of victorious credit for the efforts of others, for practice in the student sit-ins of 1961. He was criticised for a cynical use of children in the Birmingham press of 1963 and for co fightdice in halting the first Selma parade. These attacks reflect internal rivalries that had nothing to do with Black Power. They change magnitude after 1966 when he moved his focus to the north.The Chicago rivulet of 1966 was a dismal distress and as well revealed a cultural gap between the respectable bible-belt leaders of the south and the ghetto-based youth of the north, who effectuate Malcolm X a more inspiring figure. The whole situation was made much worse by the war in Vietnam, which diverted money and media attention and created a widening gap between swarthy and exsanguinous communities. Many blackness people resented having to fight for a country that valued them so little, musical composition neat public opinion saw the refusal of some to serve, like Mohammed Ali, as unpatriotic.The most important point, however, is that in one case healthy equality had been achieved in 1965 and the focus shifted to the social and economic effects of long-term discrimination, Kings methods were ineffect ive. Secondly the Chicago campaign. The Albany movement Thirdly the Memphis Sanitation workers strike. The Mississippi Freedom Summer On the other hand the Freedom cities were aimed to bring home rule to the black community of Washington D. C. The expulsion was started with the demonstration against the way the local schools were administered.Towards the end of 1966 the black citizens of Washington D. C. had won the right to elect their throw school boards. SNCC gained $3 million worth of government funding to improve community policing. SNCC innovated similar projects for example in New York the campaign saw black people take control of the intermediate aim in Harlem as well as in Mississippi set up a baby bird Development Group in which the group raised $1. 5 million from the churches and the federal government in order to set up 85 head start centres to stand young children .Furthermore the March on Washington was a massive success groups such as the SCLC. SNCC, CORE and the NAACP were involved it was in addition to commemorate the 100 years since the Emancipation Proclamation was created the campaigned was initially designed to pass a Civil Rights Bill. 250,000 people marched to the Lincoln memorial to hear Kings famous I have a dream pitch as well as other figures of the Civil Rights Movement. The March drew a vast tot of media attention. The March ensured fend for for new civil rights legislation which gave the government power to desegregate southern states.It presented the civil rights movement as a united front. Additionally the Birmingham campaign aimed to desegregate the citys largest obtain areas schools and public parks as well as demanding an end to racial discrimination in employment. squealerConnor obtained a court injunction against demonstrations in certain precincts to weaken protests. The 3rd of May the police demonstrators with mellowed pressure fire hoses and arrested and imprisoned 1300 children which caused a media frenzy Ke nnedy was sickened by the images of police violence from Birmingham.The significance of the campaign was that the department stores were desegregated and the racial discrimination was ended. The Greensboro sit-ins were a success it aimed to desegregate public places such as restaurants or swimming pools. In February 1960 the sit-in escalated to 300 students by the fourth protest it became highly influential as there were similar protests like watch-ins in cinema which by the start of 1961 over 70,000 people black and white had taken part in demonstrations.The significance of the sit-ins brought a mass of media attention which increased the support towards the civil rights campaigns. By the end of 1961 810 towns had desegregated their public places. Woolworths lost decreased by a third during the campaign which showed the economic power of black people. Finally the Freedom rides designed to turn de jure victories of Morgan v. Virginia and Boynton v. Virginia into de facto desegregati on of interstate change and interstate transport facilities set up by SNCC and CORE.The significance of the freedom rides was that it showed that Kennedy supported the civil rights movement and that it marked a new high cooperation within the civil rights movements. The Poor Peoples Campaign aimed to create a coalition big enough to solve the social and economic problems identified during the Chicago campaign In conclusion the Black Power declined real quickly in the late 1960s because its organisation was very poor and it had little money to support itself. It also declined because the government preferred Kings the pacific methods to the violence and hatred of Black Power.Thus it seemed as if Black Power had not achieved anything of real wideness for black people, and was a factor in the ending of the civil rights movement as a whole. However, it can be said that Black Power did manage to achieve something for black people as a whole. Black Power leaders did try to help the pe ople in the inner-city ghettos, and they did increase black ostentation and a sense of Black earthalism. Malcolm X in particular was very important in rearing the morale of many black people, and became a hero to young black people in the regular army and around the world.The outlet of the Black Power movements in the early 1960s coincided with the peak of success for the Civil Rights campaign the legislation of 1964-65. Thereafter, the focus of campaigns had to move the practical issues related to social and economic deprivation, and the ability to economic consumption the rights that had been gained. By 1968 little had changed, and it is therefore easy to claim that Black Power movements achieved nothing, and in fact had a negative tinge on black Americans.It is hard to deny that the Black Power movements had a minus impact in the 1960s. The preaching of Elijah Mohammed and posterior Malcolm X that integration was impossible and undesirable, that white people were devils and Christianity save a legacy of slavery, created a mirror of white racism that could only be divisive. They rejected the support of white liberals and divided white from black. They subjected integrationist leaders like Martin Luther King to campaigns of personal abuse, calling him a hypocrite, a coward and an Uncle Tom.They even indulged in vicious internal feuding, such as the assassination of Malcolm X by members of the Nation of Islam in 1965. Incidents of violence, such as attacks on white people, the race riots of Harlem in 1964 and Watts in 1965, damaged the black community and created a white backlash. This threatened the promised government expenditure on housing, schools and job creation below the Great Society. As casualties from Vietnam increased, they campaigned against the draft and argued that black youths should not serve, infuriating an increasingly patriotic public and media.The lively Civil Rights movement disintegrated, as the student organisations led by S NCC under Stokely Carmichael adopted Black Power symbols and slogans, and refused to co-operate with Martin Luther Kings SCLC. The government and many white Americans saw the black communities as ungrateful, and King as a spent force. The links that had helped him to gain reforms and investment disappeared, and nothing of significance was achieved for black Americans after 1966. The emergence of Black Power was totally negative. 24.In many ways, however, this argument is over-simplified. The problems faced by the Civil Rights movement in the 1960s had begun to surface before the Black Power movements developed, and could be said to have contri aloneed to their growth. relations between King and other Civil Rights groups were never entirely secure, and he was often accused of taking credit for the efforts of others, for example in the student sit-ins of 1961. He was criticised for a cynical use of children in the Birmingham campaign of 1963 and for cowardice in halting the first Selm a March.These attacks reflect internal rivalries that had nothing to do with Black Power. They increased after 1966 when he moved his focus to the north. The Chicago campaign of 1966 was a dismal failure and also revealed a cultural gap between the respectable bible-belt leaders of the south and the ghetto-based youth of the north, who found Malcolm X a more inspiring figure. The whole situation was made much worse by the war in Vietnam, which diverted money and media attention and created a widening gap between black and white communities.Many black people resented having to fight for a country that valued them so little, while white public opinion saw the refusal of some to serve, like Mohammed Ali, as unpatriotic. The most important point, however, is that once legal equality had been achieved in 1965 and the focus shifted to the social and economic effects of long-term discrimination, Kings methods were ineffective. This performer that by 1966, methods of campaigning to improve conditions for black people had to change, and the Black Power movements did offer some alternatives.When the Black Panthers set up community projects and policed the housing estates of Chicago, they offered a more direct and practical form of help. much generally, Black Power offered black people a sense of their own culture and pride in their identity. The late 1960s saw changes in music, fashion and style that celebrated black identity quite a than attempting to look like whites, such as the Afro hairstyles, the growth of a new soul music and the later development of hip-hop and rap.The use of Black Power salutes by American athletes offended many whites, but it drew the attention of the world to the continuing levels of discrimination suffered by many black Americans. It is difficult to peak the results, but it can be argued that by helping to maintain attention on the problems and demanding change, the Black Power movements helped the black communities to keep fighting for better conditions. By comparison with the gains made through peaceful protest, the impact of Black Power was mixed and its achievements limited, but to claim that it achieved nothing for black people is an exaggeration.

Role of Communication Essay Example for Free

Role of Communication showThe development of study Systems has forever changed the way peck communicate hence managing multiple levels of communication is a complex enterprise. Todays technology is the cornerst 1 to maintain links and correspondence with many different Discussions and information by means of equipment plays a main role in the global communitys growth in areas of human interaction. Communicating by dint of technology is much(prenominal) an integral part of family, national and valet communities, everything continues to move forward at a rapid pace.Increasingly, every aspect of the planets effort to communicate effectively and in a timely air depends on Information Systems. In the last two decades our world has been changed gradually form one build to another. The revolution of new ideas always comes up to the minds of every person, especially the idea to improve technology which people need to absorb the living better. As the result, modern technology ha s been bringing people certain advantages such as ways for fast communication. Nowadays, people can get latest news from any part of the world very quickly, pay their bills, by using E-mail and Internet. lso, the internet can be seen in aiding the spread of culture, because all of the communication made possible by the internet. Moreover, telephone-local or/and oversea is playing a key role for people to communicate to with each other. Information Systems is the back bone of todays communication. The massive selective information and increasing volumes of data needs organized storing and fast and effective processing for variety of purposes fro m conclusiveness making to risk management, from transaction processing to state-the art products.The large-scale businesses are globally distributed across the world which needs stable and reliable infrastructure and network administration and the applications which can run and handle simultaneous, rattling time and fast processing. The a vailability of technology has enabled the businesses to offer variety of services which has made Information engineering as part of the businesses today. What seems to be a simple online banking transaction for instance, involves web-based programs which run on a one platform and access the data in another platform like mainframe and tho make there should e network communication and systems which can communicate to each other, available 24 by 7. The more businesses grow the more dependent they become of Information Systems Some make a lightsome distinction between information systems, ICT, and business processes. Information systems are distinct from information technology in that an information system is typically seen as having an ICT component. Information systems are also different from business processes. Information systems help to control the performance of business processes 3.

The Crucible, written by Arthur Miller Essay Example for Free

The Crucible, written by Arthur Miller EssayWe soon see another lieu to drag. Abigail mentions Tituba and drop behind requests to see her. wedge is quite convinced on meeting Tituba that she is compacting with the Devil and that she has bewitched Betty. He orders Tituba to wake her but when Tituba says she cannot impel turns angrier and Parris threatens her with whipping. It is not long until Tituba is drawn into making accusations with Abigail and certain names nonplus repeated. dredge is now convinced that the work of the Devil is going on in SalemAt the wind up of Act One, we see how much wedge has a very strong belief in God and that God is with the flock of Salem because he announces, Glory to God It is broken, they are free Hale enters Act Two at the end. He is drawn a little, and on that point is a quality of deference, horizontal of guilt about his homoner now. He explains how the young womans have mentioned Rebecca Nurse and he has just come from her ho use. He is now on the outside, absolutely certain that it is the work of the Devil going on in Salem, No man may longer doubt the powers of dark are gathered in monstrous overture upon this village.There is too much evidence now to deny it. However, I do feel that Hale is torn between what he feels emotionally, that so many outrageous accusations are being made and thereof something is wrong, and what he feels he must do, keep looking for signs of the Devil in the people of Salem. At the end of Act Two, we see Herrick come to the Proctor household. He has come to arrest Elizabeth by order of the court. Hale seems shocked and speaks with uncertainty about Elizabeths link with the Devil but goes on trusting that God provide prevail, I shall pray God open up our eyes. In Act Three Hale has changed somewhat. Hale is not convinced at all with Elizabeth Proctors link with the Devil and also with many other people being held by the court. He is now starting to think and speak what the audience reading the hornswoggle would be thinking and saying. When Elizabeth Proctor defends her husbands name by lying in the court, Hale cries out, Excellency, it is a graphic lie to tell I beg you stop now before another is condemned This means that Hale thinks that the people who have been condemned are innocent and it cannot go on.He speaks exactly what everyone reading the play get out be thinking in their heads. By the end of Act Three I dont think that there is any doubt I the readers head and that of Hales that the witchcraft is being made up and that Abigail is behind the hysteria. This girl has always struck me false Abigail begins to twist the court away from believing Proctors and bloody shame Warrens story when they are summoned to the court to talk about the Poppet. She starts to scream and point at the ceiling, insisting that there is a discolour bird up there.The other girls soon follow suit and start to pretend as well. Mary Warren cannot handle this and soo n returns to the group of girls where she feels safer. She now lays an accusation of witchcraft on to Proctor. (pointing at Proctor) Youre the Devils man Hale once again speaks for the audience, You cannot believe them I see nothing, Your Honour and Excellency, this childs gone wild Hale sees that everyone has been engulfed by this mass hysteria and so he walks out of court, he doesnt want to be gnarly in these false accusations any longer.I denounce these proceedings I quit this court In Act Four, Hale is no longer the strong, influential character he was at the beginning of the play. He is now trying to get the convicted prisoners to confess so as to save their lives. I think this perchance show some guilt on Hales head. He was drawn into believing the accusations and freely did his job, basically condemning people to death. Hale asks the people to abandon their principles and confess.

A Story from the Childhood That Is Reenacting My Life Today Essay Example for Free

A Story from the childhood That Is Reenacting My Life Today EssayYears ago when I was a small kid, there was a point in time when I thought I was going to die or was going to live in a way other than other normal people. I accidentally pare my finger with a scissors hold by mistake while I was at my amazes work place for a visit. As a little child, I was very frightened by the look of note and thought I was going to lose my finger or hand dorsum consequently. My father use to be a banker working in one of the leading banks in Kuwait.I recall my father told me that he was going to be away for few time from his desk to do some important work and once he comes back he will get me chocolates and candy. While I was playing around at my fathers office I picked up a scissors and starting cutting papers and then I screamed as I have cut myself by mistake in my finger. Moments after, a colleague of my father ran into his office and helped me. His name was Ali. He helped me clear the blood quickly and was very supportive. I recall Alis response was exactly what a kid in such situation would hope for.He cared over me in delicate and nurturing manner. My whole world changed since that day, as a child I have developed love and respect to Ali and employ to ask my father to take me to his office every school holiday to see Ali. I recall I used to prefer sitting in his office than staying at my fathers. I grew up having the same thoughts trough the day I have graduated from high school as I have then decided to study Accounting and Finance in order to allow me to work in a bank and be a good caring person like the people I used to see when I was a child at my fathers work.

How Do Financially Distressed Companies Overcome Decline Economics Essay

How Do Financi each(prenominal)y Distressed Companies Overcome Decline Economics look forThe present paper analyzes the retrieval wait on of 526 US firms facing an initial monetary regret part in arrangement to de stipulationine the variable quantitys of shape on their last-place option status. The proposed modelling of this reco genuinely process implies that moroseness and chemical re do capability should be understood as initial checkers that leave behind oblige restrictions in the selection of strategies which depart drive the coiffureance during recovery, thus, de statusining the final resolution of long endpoint pecuniary put out process. We tack together that these variables agree an reach on i) the ability of a company to overcome twilight ii) the efficiency of the selected strategies and iii) the results of these strategies on post- tribulation mark off smudge.Keywords Recovery process, pecuniary agony, severity, Data Envelopment AnalysisIntroduct ion on the whole(prenominal) organization is inevitably exposed to ups and downs during its lifecycle (Krueger and Willard, 1991 Burbank, 2005) and failure is not a sudden event (Agarwal and Taffler, 2008). The ecological opening night of organizations gulls that in a continuous process of firms, those who survive ar dampen capable to compete. Kahl (2001) defines ensuretest firms as the ones that catch great chance to survive. In this way, the pecuniary excruciation process should be understood as a selection mechanism by means of which good performers survive and bad performers do not. In this same line, Sheppard and Chowdhury (2005) consider that failure is a firms misalignment with its environment.Failure is a reversible process and not necessarily chronic if the company is able to detect signs of under implementation and to achieve an effort in its sparing performance. Firms facing a trouble financial short letter usually sh atomic number 18 a series of common pa tterns which make it thorny to suppose a akinly burden of this stain (Barniv et al., 2002). Among the unbalanced firms, there are little divergences in the financial atonicness indexs in the different failure processes (Ooghe and Prijcker, 2008). The dis interchangeableities between the failure stages and the turnaround effectiveness as well, go bad evident on the how quickly the indicators evolve and on the ability of the bear offment to react when distress signals are detected. Ignoring these alert signals whitethorn lead to a continuous decline process which may end up in failure without even trying any recovery strategy (Burbank, 2005).Managing a crisis situation is a fundamental issue as it is not a spontaneous process. Moulton and Thomas (1993) stomach that the reorganizations during a financial distress situation are not a simple matter and the probability of a prosperous sound is very low. However, the percentage of firms that succeed in getting through decline gitnot be dis watched. Barniv et al. (2002) found that 50% of the sample firms which filed bankruptcy from the Office of the General Council of SEC re understand their situation as emerged firms. maven third of the financially disquieted firms in Kahls (2001) area survived as independent companies. more thanover, Gonzlez-Bravo and Mecaj (2011) found that 22.5% of sample firms presenting a strong crisis situation were button up active in the market 10 stratums later. Yet, we should consider that the exit from a difficult condition, as Moulton and Thomas (1993) sustain, is precisely the beginning of the story. Not all the victoriously exiting firms manage to keep the new situation stable. For some(prenominal) firms, operating in a crisis situation constitutes their normal give tongue to of environment with crisis periods that can attenuate or loose up. Anyway, being able to maintain this kind of condition is also a manner to survive. In this sense, Kahl (2002) states that the financial distress should be considered a long term process that makes firms end up debilitated even after having recovered from decline. This weakness is observed in poor performance that inevitably may again drag the firms to a new financial distress situation. Hotchkiss (1995) attested that during the first five years after exiting a bankruptcy, 35 to 40% of firms show cast out operating income and up to one third of the firms that manage to ease their distress through debt restructuring re-enter a financial distress situation a few years later.Several studies energise shown that different factors may determine the exit from a crisis situation. These factors may have a direct bow on the recovery process or on the qualification of the company to develop steal redirection strategies. The initial severity period is considered an important hurdle in implementing successful actions. In this line, Smith and sculpt (2005) found that, among all variables of the study, severity and firm surface were the only variables importantly important during a turnaround process. Other authors (Robbins and Pearce, 1992 Pearce and Robins, 1993 Harker and Harker, 1998) state that strategies point towards cost reduction and efficiency improvement were safe bets for a favorable outcome. However, Castrogiovani and Bruton (2000), Sudarsanam and Lai (2001) or Smith and Graves (2005) affirm that no positive relation could be found between certain strategies and successful outcome. These results suggest that severity, through its influence on the selected strategy, could be an indirect factor in the turnaround process (Robbins and Pearce, 1992).More consensual results were obtained when stating that the performance in-distress is fundamental for the outcome of the difficult situation. In particular, it is observed that successful companies show better returns when compared to unsuccessful firms (Routledge and Gadene, 2000 Pearce and Doh, 2002 Kahl, 2001).The present paper a nalyzes the recovery process of 526 US firms facing an initial financial distress situation in order to determine the variables of influence on their final survival status. The proposed model of this recovery process states that severity and reaction capability should be understood as initial conditions that will impose restrictions in the selection of strategies which will drive the performance during recovery, thus, determining the final resolution of long term financial distress process. These variables have an impact on i) the ability of a company to overcome the difficult situation ii) the efficiency of the selected strategies and iii) the results of these strategies on post-distress healthy position. The proposed model considers that final survival status legal professions the welfare flavour of a firm based on its risk to re-enter in distress, so it discriminates well performers and best performers during the management of a crisis process.Overcoming a financial distress D eterminant factorsEven though some weak crisis situations tend to show a natural evolution throughout the exit and may be solved by simply making routine decisions (Gonzlez-Bravo and Mecaj, 2011), recovery process is not a spontaneous event. The distressed firms will face a long term scenario involving a continuous effort of adaptation to the assorted situations through which a firm blow overes during the upturn. The effort invested in this process will allow the reestablishment of stakeholders trust, while the variables relate to solvency and advantageousness gain stability (Burbank, 2005). Companies that do not have a long term penchant and salutary adopt patch strategies do not usually reach successful exits (Pretorius, 2008). However, certain initial conditions may affect the reaction capacity as well as the effectiveness of the measures taken by managers. badSimilar to a disease process, the gravity of the initial crisis position not only conditions the measures to take hardly also their success possibilities. Firms that face worse head start situation need to make great efforts. In this sense, Robbins and Pearce (1992) affirm that there exists a relationship between retrenchment strategies and performance in firms having a severe starting situation while this relationship is not observed in firms facing a weak crisis state. Although Smith and Graves (2005) indicate that the gravity of the starting situation is strongly associated with the probability of recovery, Kahl (2002) sustains that the financial distress diagnosis is an imperfect indicator of the frugal feasibility of a firm. In the same line, Gonzlez-Bravo and Mecaj (2011) affirm that the severity of the initial situation, observed in astray accepted indicators, does not have to be a crucial factor in the outcome of the crisis. Perhaps, following Moulton and Thomas (1993), the initial gravity status has an influence over the process of recovery more than on the final resolution. Thus, severity determines the rate of recuperation, so that the harder the severity, the greater the effort to react and the slower the process of healing the levels of solvency and profitability. This effort during the process, and not the starting situation, may be the main determinant of the final outcome. Moreover, solvency and profitability indicators such as continuous minus results, inability to supply income by means of operating activity, continuous solvency and/or liquidity problems or incapacity to spawn hard currency flow which reflect problems in the health of the company, are widely accepted as measures of severity ground level (Mutchler and Williams, 1990 Gilbert, Menon and Schwarz, 1990 Ponemon and Shick, 1991 Poston, Harmon and Gramlich, 1994 Geiger, Raghunandan and Rama, 1995 Raghunandan and Rama, 1995 Davydenko, 2007). reception capabilityThe possible effect of severity on the initial state may be mitigated if the firm counts on appropriate resources which add the probability of a successful recovery. The structural reaction capability may ease the recovery process to a safe position cushioning the possible actions to implement. The capacity to obtain additional funds or breed additional incomes to implement treatment strategies can soothe the prior pressure imposed by a deteriorated financial distress position. In this sense, pooch and Duhaime (1997) associate successful turnaround processes with increases in gross sales that make companies have more options to undertake mixed bag strategies. Similarly, Pearce and Doh (2002) affirm that firms in distress that put ond debt and supported their sales to improve profitability successfully solved their difficult situation. They also state that changes in activity and in leverage level are associated with different phases of a turnaround process. In turn, Jostarndt (2006) identifies three factors which could be helpful to measure the risk of decorous financially troubled. An excessive lever age level, a poor firm performance, and an industry downturn may get over firms from obtaining the function amount of gold flow to operate normally. Firm operating performance trend dominates as the reason causing financial distress showing that a firm may fail but not only for financial reasons. This allows the author to consider an association between financial distress and economic distress. These results are comparable to the patterns evidenced by Gonzlez-Bravo and Mecaj (2011) when distressed firms with remarkable financial reaction capacity and/or a solid financial structure evolve mainly toward a healthy zone. However, concerning debt structure Kahl (2001) did not find evidence on if the debt level or the debt structure of a firm influences the final outcome of a crisis situation.Severity location and Reaction readiness, as initial restrictions, could be moderated by firm size when considering the exit from a crisis situation (Moulton and Thomas, 1993 Barniv et al., 2002 Schutjens, 2002). Altman and Hotchkiss (2006) found that one of the most obvious factor that discriminates between firms that successfully restructure and those that liquidate, after being classified inside Chapter 11, was the firms size. Nevertheless, other works observe that this variable did not present any clear relation with the survival chance (Kahl, 2001 Ooghe and Prijcker, 2008). Possibly, firms size does not determine the final resolution of a distress situation but it influences the reaction capability to confront it, moderating / modify the drawbacks when additional support should be guaranteed and restructuring decision must be made.Performance in-distressRegardless of the initial state restrictions, the adopted strategies and the behavior of companies during a financial crisis are crucial for the exit process (Sun and Li, 2007). An inappropriate diagnosis of the firms weaknesses in order to act and react quickly may lead to a fast declension of the financial indicator s (Barker and Duhaime, 1997). Beaver (1966) already stated that if a difficult situation was properly detected, measures that lead to an better position could be taken, avoiding so a state of ultimate failure. A series of strategies and action plans should be implemented aiming to reduce the detected weaknesses of the company (Smith and Graves, 2005 Krueger and Willard, 1991, Robbins and Pearce, 1992 Pearce and Robbins, 1993 Arogyaswamy et al., 1995 Castrogiovanni and Bruton, 2000, Pearce and Doh, 2002 and Pretorius, 2008).The operating performance during the recovery process drives a successful evolutionary route towards a new healthy scenario (Kahl, 2001 Routledge and Gadenne, 2000). Improving efficiency through some actions like cost cutting and/or asset reduction is crucial in this sense, having a positive impact on firms performance despite the underlying weaknesses (Robbins and Pearce, 1992 Pearce and Robbins, 1993 Harker and Harker, 1998). Firms facing a distress situation an d carrying out a retrenchment strategy are more likely to survive, even though the performance was statistically not greater than that of not retrenched firms (Castrogiovanni and Bruton, 2000). In this sense, Sudarsanam and Lai (2001) showed that the strategies employ by firms successfully recovering were not that different from the strategies applied by firms that did not recover. So, the implementation efficacy was the yard of these differences, even though more intensive restructuration was through by firms that could not redirect their situation.The effectiveness of efficiency oriented strategies is supported by the results showing that firms resolve a situation of financial distress are statistically more profitable than those who did not rootle (Campbell, 1996 Routledge and Gadenne, 2000 Pearce and Doh, 2002). These authors found that operating efficiency was the only variable employ in distinguishing successful turnarounds from unsuccessful ones that significantly persis ted during the recovery process. Kahl (2001) also stated that, in-distress, operating performance has a strong positive relation with the survival prospect. In particular, the author shows that an improvement in the standard deviation of ROA during a crisis period can increase the survival probability up to 0.62. In the same line, Gonzlez-Bravo and Mecaj (2011) found evidence that the companies positioned in a base hit zone, starting from a situation of failure status, are characterized by a strong managerial action measured by ROA ratio, generating furthermore high(prenominal) operating cash flow. However, other authors such as Barniv et al. (2002) or Laitinen (1993) found that the ROA coefficients were statistically not significant in predicting the outcome of a crisis situation.The post-distress statusThe main verifiable of a firm facing a distress situation is to heal the crisis state. Some researches, oriented to simulation the variables that influence a recovery process, i dentify the final stage of this process when a firm objectively exits a failure situation emerging as an independent firm, leaving Chapter 11 classification or keeping a defined period of positive income (Smith and Graves, 2006 Barniv et al., 2002 Altman and Hotchkiss, 2006 Kahl, 2001). However, the accomplishment of this objective should have one unavoidable quality condition. The new post-failure position should be achieved in fitted conditions that would permit an appropriate and continuous step-up and performance rate.A financial distress process could place a firm in a weak position, even if it had managed to solve its difficulties, inciting a poor performance that inevitably makes it enter again in an emergency situation (Kahl, 2002). If a firm does not emerge profitably in the restructuring phase, in order to achieve a long term success, the probability of a successful exit process is very low (Burbank, 2005). In this sense, Hotchkiss (1995) showed that up to one third of the firms that relieve their conditions by means of debt restructuring tend to go into a financial distress situation few years afterwards. With regard to post-distress position, Robbins and Pearce (1992) affirm that industry indicator variations should be considered in order to better identify the good performers or the exceptional good performers during turnaround. contempt of the assessment of Altman and Hotchkiss (2006) stating that the firms overcoming a Chapter 11 situation perform below firms of the same industry that did not pass through that same situation, Kahl (2001) found that the post-distress operating performance of firms getting through a crisis situation is similar to the industry performance.The model of recoveryWhen a firm is facing a distress situation and considering all the above examine dimensions, severity and reaction capability should be understood as initial conditions that will impose restrictions in selecting the strategies which will drive the perfor mance during recovery, thus, determining the final resolution of long term financial distress process as shown in Figure 1.(Figure 1 here)The left side of the diagram gathers the initial determining factors to initiate the recovery process, outlining the firms ability to improve its future day and overcome the difficult situation. Severity Status offers valuable information about the initial distributor point of gravity of a firms situation. This degree will condition the actions to be taken in a deteriorated situation and the possible outcome as well. Reaction Capability measures the firms capacity to apply such actions through i) the possibility to obtain further resources without worsening its position, ii) the capacity of debt negotiation or iii) the ability to generate additional incomes which may facilitate the application of strategy changes.The right side of the above Figure 1 defines the final subsequent status of firms, once specific actions have been taken. Post-distre ss Status shows the effectiveness of the management effort in a crisis situation, not only because the firm solves the initial state, but also since the new position is reached evidencing a well performance to set a suitable continuity in the new balanced situation. Accordingly, Post-distress status assesses the quality of firms welfare accounting for the risk to re-entry into distress discriminating well performers and best performers in a crisis management process. In a distress context, a well-performer just achieves the objective (i.e. exiting the crisis situation) while best-performers are located in a new healthy scenario minimizing the likelihood to reenter in distress.Hence, considering the above model, the following hypotheses will be testedH1 Severity degree of financially distressed firms is likely associated with the post distress status.H2 Reaction Capability of distressed firms is positively related to a fit final position after recovery process.H3 Performance in-distr ess is positively related with the welfare of the post distress status.H4 Retrenchment strategies have a positive influence on the outcome of a distressed situation.H5 surface of financially distressed companies is associated with the final position after recovery process.Methodology, sample and variablesTo test the hypothesis we use the financial info of US firms derived from the Compustat Database in an eight year period 1993-2000 which is considered to be economically appropriate for the analysis. Smith and Graves (2005) affirm that in an economic expansion context distressed firms could easily perform a successful turnaround. Particularly, the US prudence experienced an economic expansion during the analyzed period. According to the content Bureau of Economic Research (2001), a peak in business activity occurred in the U.S. economy in March 2001. A peak marks the end of an expansion and the beginning of a receding1. So, the year 2001 was marked by events like the Dot-Com Bu bble, Stock Market Crash, the loss of investors confidence in the Stock Market or the emergence of corporate fraud and corporate governance. The September 11, 2001 attacks also, may have been an important factor in turning this decline in the economy into a recession. The financial data for the years after 2000 would be, to a greater or lesser extent, influenced by all these outside factors.From a total of 1721 companies that offer complete data in their financial statements during all years, only the ones that presented a crisis situation in the first year of analysis, 1993, were selected.We consider a crisis status as a variety of effort adversity situations that threaten the future viability of the company (Turetsky and Mcwewn, 2001 Graveline and Kikalari, 2008), which show some incapacity to generate resources and/or to accomplish the wages of debts in time. This incapacity can be transitory and of a major or modest gravity and it can be observed through a series of symptom s alerting that the health and the future of the company are at risk. Considering this general access code and following Gonzlez-Bravo and Mecaj (2011), we classify a firm as financially distressed if, in the first year of our analysis, it presented one or more of the following criteria invalidating Net Income, prohibit run Income, Negative Retained Earnings, Negative Working Capital, Negative Cash Flow, Negative Operating Cash Flow and Negative Shareholders Equity. In agreement with Gilbert, Menon and Schwartz (1990), to prevent the selection of firms that only had a poor performance in the starting year firms presenting merely a Negative Net Income for the year 1993 were not selected. This criterion made possible that poor performers were selected only when they also showed a continued instable situation such as losses in previous years or solvency problems. As a result, our study is performed on a total of 526 companies that satisfied all the previous conditions. Table 1 show s the principal features of the analyzed sample.(Table 1 here)The number of observed symptoms permits an objective a priori classification based on the gravity of the starting situation. A firm would experience a weak crisis if it presents three or less criteria and, on the contrary, a strong crisis if it shows 4 or more. Following this further, in the first year of the analysis 77.38% of the firms encounter a weak crisis while 22.62% are facing a situation of strong crisis.VariablesSeverity Status, Reaction Capability and Fitness Status, as representative indicators of post-distress position, in the above proposed model (Figure 1) are built by collection information given by some individual variable-indicators according to the features taxd. The complete picture integrating the model and variables is showed in Figure 2.(Figure 2 here)Severity status (SEV_STAT) should be understood as an index assessing the degree of severity distress by seven financial ratios. These ratios corres pond to the 7 symptom-indicators used to classify a firm as being in financial distress previously described, all divided by tally Assets in order to eliminate the size effect. Ratios such as Net Income/ append Assets, EBIT/Total Assets and Retained Earnings/Total assets, representatives of the economic performance, are also commonly used to determine the introduction of a decline phase in turnaround and recovery research (Pearce and Robins, 1993 Arogyaswamy et al., 1995 Smith and Graves, 2005). Negative Operating Cash Flow is also an indicator of liquidity deterioration and of financial distress probability (Anandarajan et al. 2001 price and Tabor, 1991 John, 1993). These seven indicators should be considered in a negative direction with respect to financial distress. That is, the lower esteem of the indicators, the worse the starting situation of the firm. In the same way, the more the number of negative indicators in a firm, the higher the crisis severity degree will be.React ion capability is evaluated through three indicators Sales/Total Assets (TURNOV), Shareholders Equity/Total Liabilities (FIN_AUT) and Current Assets/Current Liabilities (SOLV). The first one reflects the capacity of the company to enhance profitability while the other two indicators are linked to the financial structure of a firm and alter us to value its self-sufficiency and solvency. Together, these three variables measure the capacity of a firm to obtain external and additional funds or to reorganize its debts, the short term response capacity and the ability to generate resources.Fitness status (FIT_STAT) is defined as an index measuring the final health position on an objective and on a quality base as well, by means of 4 variables. terminal Position is a categorical variable which indicates the existence or not of a crisis situation, when the firm still presents any symptom of distress. This variable takes value 0 if the firm exits successfully and doesnt present distress si gnals or value 1 otherwise. Additionally, to measure the health quality of this position, we follow the approach of Jostarndt (2006) when he identifies three factors that could cause financial distress excessive leverage, a poor firm-specific operating performance and an industry downturn. These factors could be interpret as indicators of the incapacity of a firm to generate cash flow which may influence a continuous economic and financial deterioration. The variables are defined as follows (For further details on all variables calculation refer to Appendix B)Debt payment level it permits the evaluation of the effects that a higher debt level of a firm has on cash flow generation, with respect to the industry where it operates. It indicates the level of interest payment the firm is paying compared to the median of the sector. If the level is above the median, the firm is paying more than other firms, so it should reduce it.Firm Performance It measures the effects that a poor perfor mance, lower than the median of the industry, has on cash flow generation. It measures the operating income of a firm compared to the median of the sector. It indicates if the firm is performing above or below the median of the sector.Sector performance it allows analyzing to what extent the trend of the performance of the sector where the firm operates influences its capacity to generate cash flow if it behaved as the industry average. This item measures the improvement or the deterioration of a sectors performance, compared to its performance the year before.These three variables measure the risk of distress which could be the consequence of leverage problems or economic issues, including the downturn of the industry. The former three defined ratio-indicators should be understood in a negative sense, thus, the higher the three ratios are, the worse the quality position of the firm and the greater the probability of financial distress. Therefore, Fitness Status variable measures th e position of a firm t years after the financial distress has been detected, allowing to evaluate the performance in managing a difficult situation.Severity Status and Fitness Status indexes could be understand as two composite indicators gathering the information of 7 and 3 individual ratios, respectively. To overcome some of the drawbacks of aggregated indexes, such as the degree of subjectivity in attribution of weights to each individual fixings (Munda, 2005 Messer et al., 2006 Munda and Nardo, 2009 Ramzan et al., 2008), we decided to use Data Envelopment analysis to summarize the complex information in just one index (Nardo et al., 2005a Cherchye et al. 2008 Dyckhoff and Allen, 2001). DEA is a non-parametric performance measurement technique, based on a productivity approach, widely used to evaluate the relative efficiency of Decision Making Units (Cooper et al., 1999 Seiford, 1997 Gattoufi et al. 2004 Sherman and Zhu, 2006). However, this methodology has also been used to h old indexes combining different components by means of an optimization process, when the structure of weights of these components is not known, and without making any assertion concerning the internal operations of a DMU (Cherchye et al., 2006 Zhu, 2000 and 2001 Puig-Junoy, 1998 Sexton and Lewis, 2003). Thus, both Severity Status and Fitness Status hit are obtained applying a DEA model without explicit inputs, called DEA-WEI models by Liu et al. (2011). This formulation, discussed by Lovell and Pastor (1999), considering a model with only outputs and a single constant input, has been used by Chen (2002) and Cooper et al. (2009), and it is similar to other approaches as DEA-R (Despic et al., 2007) or DEA-Index composite (Cherchye et al. 2008).Fitness Status use as DEA variables a series of indicators that measure negative features of a firm and they are also linked to the possibility of presenting a marked financial distress situation. This consideration is in agreement with the ca lled pessimistic DEA approach, where the efficiency frontier contains, using Azizi and Ajirlu (2011) terminology, the worst-practisers as efficient in being poor-performers. In this way, DMUs scoring unity or close to unity levels will be the ones with higher degree of severity in their financial distressed situation. Furthermore, Fitness Score DEA manages a categorical variable Final Status indicating the existence or not of distress symptoms. In this sense we follow the approach of Banker and Morey (1986) concerning the treatment of exogenously fixed data.To measure the strategies and the behavior of firms during distress, profitability and downsizing actions have been included in the analysis. With regard to profitability, we use ROA in the last year of the analysis (ROA) and the average of its variations in the previous years (ROA_AVG) to measure the impact of efficiency oriented strategies to the final post-distress position. Concerning downsizing actions, variations in total assets during previous year are included to measure the impact of retrenchment strategies (RET_STG)Finally, to control the size effect (SIZE), natural logarithm of sales ln(sales) is included in the analysis in order to assess the influence of size on the possibility to return on a healthy scenario.MethodologyThe DEA score Fitness Status will be treated as a dependent variable in order to analyze to what extent post-failure position could be explained by issues such as severity, reaction capability or certain strategies implemented by the firms. Many different approaches can be found in the literature when a DEA score is used as a dependent variable of a regression to relate efficiency to the factors and study their influence on the former. The consideration of the DEA score as a censored variable (showing values between zipper and unity) has been the argument for using regression censored models such as Tobit. On the other hand, Mancebn and Molinero (2000) do not share this opini on and affirm that efficiency takes natural limits of zero and one and they estimate a model of the log type to explain inefficiency. In the same line, Puig-Junoy (1998) considers that DEA scores do not fit the theory of sampling censoring for Tobit models explaining inefficiency by a multiplicativ