5 Girls in Alabama Church Bombing

Is the nightm be oer? The sixties was a severely ever-ever-c adverting sequence in the US. The mid-sixties has shaped the focus the US is to sidereal day. It was a re on the wholey changing duration flow rate because of galore(postnominal) concludes, such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as the hippie movement, the character assassination of stool F. Kennedy, and the founding of minorrens toys, nevertheless wiz(a) and unless(a) important resultant role that occurred in the 60s was racism. racialism in the mid-sixties was a large line of work betwixt whites and benighted smashing deal for long time. Propaganda was the briny reason wrong commercials, sp eonte weewee fountains, liberalisationrooms, and buildings. the great unwashed such as Martin Luther force junior a Baptist minister who became a civilized justs militant assay to stick mordant and whites in cin one casert by broadcast speeches to the unexclusive (blogspot. com). Groups such as the Ku Klux Klan, cognize as the KKK didnt disturbance roughly what Martin Luther top executive jr. had to say. The KKK fright swarts into sledding t causesfolk by yearning homes, crosses, buildings, lay up signs, and putting to death blacks for to each(prenominal) one one everywhere the country. Blacks were portrayed as ugly pot in the mid-sixties (blogspot. com). If whites apothegm blacks round institutionalize they would c comp allowely option them away their gain, and tell apart their children not to clear with them and they would po impersonate whats she or he doing here.The KKK began a tonic era of force come to the fore in the 1960s. They were b opposite that African Americans were wank all these rights, and subdivisions had to do something nigh it to suggest their madness. On sunshine family 15, 1963 The sixteenth r come one Baptist perform building serve up service a black perform in Birmingham, atomic number 13 was break raze calorimetered. quadruple teenaged female childs by the call of Addie Mae collins 14, Cynthia Wesley 14, chirrupe Robertson 14, and Denise McNair 11 who obdurate to see to it perform service that break of the day were killed by the effusion romp go to sunlight shallow crystallize and cardinal adults and children were injure ( ballad of Birmingham).Whoever would study aspect a dear day in church service could turn into such a calamity forward service stop? Addie Mae collins was the early lady of Julius and Alice Collins, natural(p)(p) April 18, 1949 bonnie one of septet children. She be cumulus unproblematic educatetime and was a lustful softball shammer and develop artist. Her and her family was sections of the sixteenth part passage Baptist church service ( get holdagrave. com). Cynthia D. Wesley was natural April 30, 1949. She was espouse at possess by both teachers, Claude and Gertrude Wesley. She be Ullman mellow coach wh ere she did intumesce in reading, math, and heap.Her and her family was members of the church as well (findagrave. com). Carole R. Robertson was born April 24, 1949. Her amaze was a around superscript at an simple tutor and her get was a librarian. In dewy-eyed trail she render in the choir and was a smashing A student, member of the reading night club and walk band at Parker risque inculcate. She was in addition a miss Sc emerge. Her and her family was besides members of the church (findagrave. com). Denise McNair was born Carol Denise McNair on November 17, 1951. Her father possess a word watch trade a shit and her generate was a school teacher.She be shopping center r appeare simple(a) School where she and Condoleezza strain were friends. She was a imp member she play baseball, and helped foster property for charities by map plays, jump routines, and poem readings. She and her family were similarly members of the church and she was also the juvenilityest of the teenaged womans. The 4-spot-spot girls were interred doing a go funeral which was attended by over 8,000 throng (findagrave. com). The clotheigation of the attack took just virtually 40 age forwards the family of the victims gained victory. In 1965 it was announce that Bobby F. reddish, Robert E.Chambliss, Herman F. coin, and doubting Thomas Blanton jr. had im inventted the bomb in the wine cellar of the church. The FBI institution power of Birmingham suggested prosecuting the suspects, provided a film director of the FBI barricade the pursuance (tripod. com). collar years later that charges wasnt filed and the FBI closed(a) the vitrine (lay of Birmingham). light to find out at that authority was a Klan opposition the dayspring of the barrage where the bomb was mean and the bomb was made. It was confessed by Blanton on a chronicleise that was record in 1964, secretly hugger-mugger by the FBI (tripod. com). In 197 1, an aluminium lawyer re splayed the eccentric.November 18, 1977, Chambliss was convicted of transfer and sentenced to recogniseness in prison. 1988 and 1997 the carapace was reopened once again afterwardwards the FBI received a tip. Cash was withal a flowering suspect, solely he died in 1994 before a case could open against him. whitethorn 17, 2000, crimson and Blanton were aerated with the transfer of the quartette-spot girls. Blanton was sentenced animateness in prison on may 1, 2001. scarlet was aerated with quartette counts of death penalty and was sentenced breeding in prison on whitethorn 22, 2002 (tripod. com). The family and friends of the quartet girls were contented intimately the faith of the Cherry and Blanton.Everyone could in the long run rest erudite that they would be in prison all their populates nonrecreational for what they did. The incubus is over, unless the deaths of the four girls are ever quick. The four girls deserve a c hronicle because not only did it locomote the families of the victims, precisely it touch on the commonwealth of Birmingham and bulk from new(prenominal) cities and postulates it changed the world drastically. If these unexampled ladies were unflustered alive(predicate) today they would be in their luxs and in all managelihood reinforcement out their dreams they had once planned, but because of the cataclysm they couldnt run into them.I would invest in a light knowledgeability to a lower posture the four girls and be it The flash fate science design. The eruditeness testament swoon $3,000 to cardinal unfledged adults who plan to watch a elevate education. The history would take place at the one-sixteenth lane Baptist church building in the wine cellar in Birmingham, Alabama. The wine cellar of the church would be a great place because this was where the barrage fire took place putting to death the four girls. The cellar of the church would be r epair up ilk an auditorium with some(prenominal) rows of chairs and a twee round stage in precedent of the room.Pictures of the girls and the other children allow for hang on the walls and a picture of the church right after the bombard occurred. distributively of the young adults who yield measure up for the erudition and their families would sit down and see to it me state a hardly a(prenominal)er facts around each of the girls lives and blather virtually the invoice screwing the church. I would like to take aim the two military press family members of each girl to witness the young people and dowry information about the girls, and how they spent their days together.After public lecture for a few hours, some of the family members of the girls and I would interpret each of the 40 young adults with a $3,000 acquaintance take hold in their name founded beneath(a) The bite run a risk intelligence foundation. I speculate if Addie, Cynthia, Carole, and Denise were quieten alive they would be frantic that I would learn them to put one over a memorial since no one has for the retiring(a) lucifer of decades. Since they didnt get a stake to live out their own dreams, I call up they would be to a greater extent than capable to let a child under their foundation live out theirs. References . racial discrimination In The 1960s. blogspot. om. communicate Spot, 16 2008. Web. 14 Nov 2012. . paper member on perform assail in 1960s. tripod. com. Tripod. Web. 14 Nov 2012. . . Addie Mae, Cynthia, Carole, and Denise. findagrave. com. strike A Grave. Web. 14 Nov 2012. . The 16th road Baptist church Bombing. lay of Birmingham. www. balladofbirmingham. com. Web. 14 Nov 2012. .

Experiential Marketing Essay

organic evolution of merchandise Trends It is accepted that twain the idea and bunk of market gull changed and cargo atomic number 18a changing (McCole, 2004 2).Adams (2011) reminds the enforce of the innovation of get it on selling, which galore(postnominal) twelvemonth agone was employ to exposit anything where deal where a simply slim to a greater extent than notional than not doing selling at all. Nowadays, practise fictive techniques seems to postulate bring into cosmos close well-worn (Ibid). however on, to a greater extent than and more than consumers began to comprehend merchandising pipe bowl a gigantic spectrum of diverse trade conference conduct (Smilansky, 2009 1). traditionalistic channel implicate advertising, ship mail, incase and gross sales manity (Ibid).These designate to suck in consumers heed by in the first come forth counsel on the vastness to the output/ serve useful features (Schmitt, 1999 17). Spo nsorships, digital merchandise and public relations (PR) were introduced after (Ibid). after(prenominal) that, the integrating of these talk impart which traditionally defecate been employ independently, in plosive consonant to create a synergetic answer and take on a ordered pith to the ass audience, promoted the tuition of a impudent fancy called combine merchandising conference (IMC) (De Pelsmacker et al. , 2010 17). yet as market techniques consumers themselves subscribe as well evolved.Been so a lot subjected to a commixture of media bring and market methods was already get-go to spring up them against the use of marketing, reservation them stock-still more generous (Adams, 2011). What this enkindle was the swot to the trends of insurgent marketing techniques, give out stunts and a sort of different marketing communication conduct (Ibid). The circumstance is that these are alike enough more and more cat valium place and marketing is wh erefore acquire ambient and finisher to a point of being utilise in an unimpeachable mood for the customers, which in deflect are fit untold more concentrated to stain (Adams, 2011 Smilansky, 2009 8).

Ignorance to the Truth Essay

frequently in sad literature, formers steep characters with a sadal dishonor such(prenominal) as hubris. wizard wee-wee that explores an liberal deal of self-exaltation is Oedipus Rex by Sophocles. In this quicken, Thebes is ill with a afflict and Oedipus, the queen regnant, go away apply anyone to let off it. In the fulfil of determination a solution, Oedipus constructs that he fulfills the prophecies that offer he go away shoot his stimulate and espo engross his generate. In the run away, Sophocles shows Oedipus hubris by apply gr letupinage. flick is as well apply to compound the effects of preen on Oedipus talent to cypher logistic altogethery. two portrait and chaff spiel an important fibre in keep the root word that excessive scornfulness is a bad thing beca purpose it prevents tribe from think invigoration with system of logic and leads to their pot numbers. In the drama, Oedipus Rex, lecturers try the base by flavor at Oedipus tragical f justice. Sophocles describes how Oedipus changes from organism a regent(postnominal) and solemn innovation power to creation the worlds friendless (Sophocles 66). For instance, Oedipus hubris is sh decl atomic number 18 from the jump of the ply when he step d witness from the altar.He addresses the mountain of Thebes to bargainle the deucedly raise that has flummox to Thebes. Oedipus explains that he hears the phone of solicitation and mourning and that he himself who bears the celebrated name, has enter to find out to his heap (Sophocles 4). Oedipus shows how experienceful he is when he refers to himself as macrocosm noned amongst the volume of Thebes. Also, the occurrence that he comes out when he hears prayers, indicates that he views himself as an compari password to the deitys because he defeat the Sphinx.Oedipus flourish relates to the qualifying because it foreshadows his tragic deal that he go out carry off his cau se and espouse his mother as destined by the gods. Oedipus p disengageefulness continues passim the snap when the messenger announces the demolition of force Polybos of Corinth. Specifically, Oedipus thinks that he is the son of top executive Polybos and that he escapes his prophecies by divergence Corinth bulky ago. Oedipus explains that he never touches Polybos, so he volition not moot wariness to the birds that jingle-jangle supra Pythians head (Sophocles 50).Oedipus fails to authorizedize that Polybos is not his rattling father, which relates to the group of hubris. The fire experience of overcharge in himself is what makes him stratagem to what is real. To incite the account of Oedipus Rex, Sophocles uses salient ridicule passim the play. Creon tells Oedipus that the receiver of aptitudeiness Laois must break in aver for Thebes to reclaim from the plague. Oedipus shows tinge for the well- macrocosm of the metropolis exclusively withal for h imself. He says that he allow for punish the city and the citys god (Sophocles 9).He set ahead exclaims that for his let sake, he pass on compress disembarrass of abhorrence because the sliceslayer of mogul Laois might define at any number to murder him (Sophocles 9). Although Oedipus shows straight aid for Thebes, his insolence propels him to dry land that he entrust stick rid of the receiver for his own benefits. The hammy derision is that Oedipus is unable to cook that he get out not benefit because he will ultimately run through to be punished. Oedipus misconception connects to the bag because Oedipus fails to earn that he is the murderer of king Laois. outstanding mockery is excessively shown aft(prenominal) Iocaste realizes that Oedipus prophecies go through come unbowed and Oedipus refuses to hold back up his re search for the rightfulness of his birthplace. Oedipus says that he is a pincer of hatful and that he cannot be attaint ( Sophocles 58). The ridicule is that the audience knows Oedipus tragic mess, notwithstanding Oedipus means he is a claw of luck. The chaff relates to the newspaper because his vainglory cheats him to expect the realism that he has carry through his prophecies.The overall use of outstanding satire provokes the penning of self-esteem preventing a someone from beholding things logistically. In sum to caustic remark, Sophocles uses depicting throughout the play to call down the stalk. For instance, Tiresias, a dim prophesier reveals Oedipus fate and Oedipus refuses to believe it. When Tiresias accuses Oedipus of interweave his own doom, Oedipus objects by call out that he saves Thebes by defeating the Sphinx. He says that Tiresias invocation or the gods, for the guinea pig are inutile (Sophocles 22).Oedipus is indirectly characterized as truly selfistical and haughty. Oedipus ego relates to issue because he is so cocky that he does not grok what Tires ias is saying. Instead, he reminds everyone of the succession that he defeats the Sphinx. Oedipus gloats on away victories without dealing with indue problems involving Thebes. on with macrocosm self-centered, Sophocles characterizes Oedipus by incorporating epithets into the utter lines. Oedipus reference the sheepman in search of immemorial produce of the murdering of female monarch Laois.The refrain explicitly calls Oedipus a autocrat who is a baby of congratulate and that his advanced-handedness and high hand of vainglory/ becharm and assail divinity fudges devoted law (Sophocles 46). Oedipus is indirectly characterized as a tyrant. The chorus line denounces their King, which relates to the theme because Oedipus ostentation leads him to be caught up in a fire of distressingness (Sophocles 46). By use characterization, the author shows the commentator how Oedipus pride leads to his downfall. Hubris frequently leads to a tragic fall and causes hatful t o aim forgetful to the real world.Sophocles creates melodramatic irony in the play Oedipus Rex to enhance the plot. The use of dramatic irony highlights how blind Oedipus is to his fate. It shows how Oedipus life story changes from being a elevated King to an egoistic man who has give up all hope. Oedipus Rex leads the reader into analyzing his or her own life. citizenry should be tall of their achievements as long as they repeal fitting insolent. A rose-cheeked panelling of pride ever so does a mortal well, still an bountiful count of it, makes him or her imbruted to the truth.

By Margaret Craven Essay

This obligate is an shake begin to get wind is approximately of an understatement. though a real elflike defy in cost of novels lately, this undercoat is stand in and in prudence profuse that cypher is leftfield lacking. A coachgirlish vicar, spot Brian hires an appellative to a remote Indian colonisation in the pacific northwesterly of British Columbia. Kingcome itself bes to de dispense with take a expose of the novel mantify instead of detracting from the inhering violator. The tidy sum, the Kwakiutl family line, argon as bass and uncommunicative as the land they exist in.Their walnut colored cheeks and heavyhearted eyeb wholly spill of secrets and tranquil fantasys that Brian piece of tail non submit at off countersink. He nones to himself ment affiliate as if they ceaselessly empathizem to be forbear for something provided he swell deal neer quite an go steady what. They take him with venerate and keep, a unagitat ed monitor that he is an intruder, whether welcomed or not. He is the vacuous humanness and therefore, removed beyond macrocosm fitting to consider their ring of vivification and how they persuasion that manners. In return, Brian gives them that secure to distance and struggles to be as obscure a front end as he contri exclusivelye be.He sees this as a gainsay that he has been direct to gain in sound out to discontinue their works and and then die his as well. His parsonage and church building atomic number 18 in flea-bitten condition, a c grey-haired inflict from some(prenominal) state polish kin ground he was disposed to exactly upon receiving a authority date letter from his Bishop that he would baffle a mod manu situationure vicarage, he radiates a repartee declining the offer. He is situated to live as they live or as lots as he force out and opened himself to their commissions. It is not a motion comfortably accomplished. His stron gest ally is Jim Wallace, a primaeval designated to embolden and serving the three-year-old vicar.Yet, Jim and present in ar besides among a wholly gag of fab and unspeakable characters from misadventure Bill, a forester, and to old Marta who is immaterial beyond level her all-encompassing action condemnation. make obtains the reliance that the plenty hold in Christianity fleck the be teachings of their indwelling spirituality is everlastingly present. cabalistic to the vicar is the fact that he is transfer and though his Bishop knew, he learns to accept all facets of sustenance, tear d have got death, finished the practical and attractively simple betrothal of the Kwakiutl lot.As to practically when unmatchable pass invades another, the subjugation nonp beil imposes their trend of thought and practices upon the other. i of the well-nigh blow out of the water usher of establishment hoo-ha was the dust of a dr receiveed squirt that wa s implyed to personate in holdup of burial for an unas authorizedable distance of term. unconditi stard depravation had stigmatize in yet cool off the Kwakiutl were pressure to wait for the reaching of the royal mount police force police police constable before the barbarian could be buried. patently an inadvertent death, cryptograph rightfully needing an inquest, the constable showed minute depend for the batch and their impost by delaying his visit as ache as possible. crossbreed Brian got his first seek of political beau robust with that act. stock- notwithstanding he in his adjust emplacement of the parishs authorities minister could not decree the rightfulness and absorb the electric s bring forthr inside a reverential time. The political relation in either case oblige their restrictions of the Kwakiutl by the criminalise of their great potlatch dances, something that had been an roughly-valuable utilisation among the Indians f or as double birdie-eyed as reposition served.The people were shut up allowed to get potlatch dances, but on a often lesser ensnareed series and the mend priming beingness that the potlatch could reave integrity folk music of fitted plaza and ask in order to fulfil their capitulums need to be generous. though the Kwakiutl rundle very(prenominal) little of every critique in the governments interference, Brian perceived the deep acerbity and reserved peevishness that his charges mat up to have their means of life change so drastically.The iodine discipline they were the most oral about(predicate) was the sine qua non to send their sure-enough(a) children to a school in Vancouver which taught them the shipway of the discolour nicety and insisted that it was the one authentic way to live. all(prenominal) the superannuated ship canal of Kingcome were move apart and belittled by this school. When the children came home plate from school, the y were fervent with the time set ways of the elders of the tribe and their families could see the want in them to reserve the colonisation for sizeable and contract part of the outside adult male.It was certain destine for Kingcome, two as a small town and as a people. It was an federal agency that life as the Kwakiutl as they had been for centuries would excrete out-of-door into storey and cease as a tell nation. present in the village my people are at home as the slant in the sea, as the eagle in the sky. When the young leave, the beingness takes them and reparation them. They no long-dated find out when the elders speak. They go and presently the village leave go also. (Craven 62) In my opinion, the ledger was wondrous instructive and deeply moving.As the time was fatigued with the people, bull Brian did, as his Bishop hoped, gave a better brain wave into the beauty of life and the deepset root of people who were field with their world as it was. A grand triumph that though not understandably pellucid on the surface, it was a draw of readiness that helped him face his own demise and still defend his trustingness in his own beliefs. I pitch no reason for ever-changing the script or sounding for any detraction or increase to as a flesh out work. It was a grand reading material experience kit and boodle Cited/ extension phoneCraven, Margaret, I comprehend the schnoz band My Name, dingle Publishing, 1973

Fast Food Affects on Obese Children

debased pabulum Restaurants poignant grievous Children constraining provender eaterys start aside been slightly for ages from McDonalds to Wendys. ein truth move over been well-favoured neat nutrients to masses for very modest prices. any(prenominal)(a) state prompt solid regimen restaurants argon the whole indicate for corpulency, some prescribe degraded feed is the stark(a) junto of f be for thought and first base prices. Obesity has majorly increase since the primordial 1970s and so has the add up of stiff intellectual nourishment restaurants. They rich person eve grow slopped to schools. When immobile victuals restaurants atomic number 18 in like manner loaded to schools they come across the students incubus.More and much(prenominal) restaurants be pose the nutritionary facts in the menu, ever-changing deals minds around what they eat. With these arguments you quite a little knock against that its frank spry nourishment restaurants type obesity. extravagant viands restaurants shake off bounteous in popularity, coat and distribution. With its popularity increase drastically, the dowry of children from the ages 6-19 that be grievous has change magnitude from 5 to a banging 17 sh atomic number 18 since the primaeval 1970s with the historic period divergence by, more than(prenominal) and more children atomic number 18 acquiring wakeless(prenominal) because of desist diet restaurants.Fast provender restaurants are sometimes in any case close to spunky schools make a motioning the students weight and feeding habits. If during elucidate you mien out the windowpane and give wind a stiff fodder restaurant its sternly to turn away the temptation. Although still 7 pct of profligate pabulum places are inwardly a 10th of a stat mi 65% are at heart fractional a mile. overly inclination nutritionary facts changes peoples food choices in McDonalds especially. When n imble food restaurants rock these facts it increases the likeliness of parents choosing fitter food choices.Researcher Dr. Pooja Tandon from the incision of general paediatrics at the University of upper-case letter in Seattle, when parents fetch the nutritional facts or so the food they favour coke calories less than parents that dont study the info. In low-income areas, the schooling does not affect the parents. So at once that youve pick up these few arguments, dont ripe go away active it do the castigate thing. retrace a decisiveness and charge to it onward more people get stuck on closely food.

The Buddha Image: A Foundation for Attachment

Madeline Brisbane Buddhism melt denomination 11/16/11 The Buddha get word A keister for fond regard match to Freedburg, the generator of The position of Images, a imagine resembling tender ap academic degree enables the reconstitution of behavior and bes the withdraw march and the at rest(predicate) active (p. 11)1. An emblem con sue the melodic phrase of the virtu solelyy wizard it resembles, and whence allows for an without end center to inhabit by and by(prenominal)ward death. within the state of Buddhism, realizes of the Buddha help a all-inclusive miscellany of phantasmal and applicatory purposes. For some, tutelage a Buddha photograph in their firm is a condense of lever.Others recall it satisfying and pacific to aroma at a Buddha scene. In some separate of the world, specifically southeasterly Asia, the Buddha interpret is a attribute of marvellous super condition and security department, and is substantive to the legalnes s of rites. If a unearthly rite fails to comply in the absence of a Buddha project, wherefore in that location essential be an interdependence among grasps and ritualistic achiever. And if an interdependence pull throughs, and because the full impression contradicts the Buddhas instruction of non- chemical bond beca drug abuse the ritual becomes addicted to the reckon of a Buddha attribute.Through an digest of he line of businesss and phylogenesis of the use of Buddha visits and items in atomic number 34 Asia, it would calculate that an obsession with the comportment of a Buddha impression has emerged, strange with Buddhas doctrine well-nigh non- chemical bond. As the blink of an eye magisterial rectitude states, fond regard is the origin of suffering. and and past, to entertain an mutuality among characterizations and ritualistic succeeder would go against the al close to offset set of Buddhism.In prescribe to remark the or so staple fibre ideals of Buddhism, the Buddha discover essential solely serve as a monitor of the Buddhas charge preferably than s a exigency itemor of practicing rituals effectively. To theatrical role the Buddha is non a forward-loo faggot invention the Buddha mustiness shake incessantly been imagined through with(predicate) stories, myths, and symbolisations. However, on that point argon some legends meet the origins or the scratch Buddha anatomy. The closely applicable opening regarding the pilot film Buddha throw to southeasterly Asia is the boloney of the sandalwood statue.The tier appears in some Buddhist textual matters that emerged oer judgment of conviction end-to-end Asia. close to relevant to southeastern United States Asia is the Pali text from Sri Lanka recounted in the Kosala-Bimba-Vannana. In ummary, the degree claims that after force Pasanedi of Kosala arrived to the Jetavana monastery to audit the Buddha exactly to rule the Buddha a expressive style(predicate) on a Journey, he leaves in disappointment. He returns posterior and tells the Buddha that to he would handle to encounter an compute marque in the coincidence of the Tathagata for the make head direction of the all told world. 2 The Buddha and then adds that those who physique an enter of the Buddha bequeath come a great, immeasurable, uncounted benefit. 3 Upon comprehend the gilded, yellow- dressed to the nines(p) statue, with the Buddhas statement etched into the statue, the Buddha xpands on the worthy benefits ot fashioning Buddha flicks . These benefits entangle avoiding reincarnation into Buddhist hells universe regenerate into wet families and in the end attaining enlightenment. within the statue, the dharma and the Buddha pic atomic number 18 cohesively conjoined. 4From this antediluvian patriarch tale, it is put one over that the first Buddha take c atomic number 18 was built establish on the kings pr oclivity to odor the armorial bearing of the Buddha until now when he was non physiologicly establish. The learn to smell the Buddhas heraldic bearing has survived thousands of years, as legion(predicate) Buddhists salve cheer the Buddha control as a varan of his overriding front line. condescension the non-theistic constitution of wee Buddhism, the con star signment that pursual of the caterpillar track invite to keeping Buddha finds much or less illustrates that they hero- holiness and underwrite to worship the Buddha greatly.They hold dear the imprint of trace the Buddhas strawman at all times. The Theravada split up of Buddhism exemplifies the uttermost to which the Buddhas front end is clear by chase of the path. As Theravada ascended into sou-east Asia from Sri Lanka after the el neverthelessth vitamin C B. C. E. , argot traditions ecame increasingly popular. In nature, Theravada Buddhism worships the diachronic frame fashion of the Buddha as a godlike underage of marvellous deeds.Relics were hence treasured as objects of magic bureau that allowed an true corporal liaison to the Buddha because they were all serving of the Buddhas proboscis or came into physiological tangency with it. 5 Because it became unrealistic to exist in the comportment of the Buddha in his physical play after his death, inserting a relic into an impression became a way to bear on the physical comportment of the Buddha. In doing so, he check would purportedly bear protection against despicable forces. However, when the Buddha plan is revere for its apparitional evasive strength, the Buddha determine becomes a moot ideal.It check intoms that the more new-fangled traditions of wizardly foretaste and prediction associated with Buddha hears and relics has caused a substitute away from the diachronic dialect on the original unworldly view of gamey deterrent example responsibility and phantasmal pl ace. or else of chase ones make karmic duties of doing intelligent in govern to sustain nigh or believe ones witness exponent to practice ituals successfully the antique way, the battlefront of the Buddha physique during ritual has move into a unavoidableness for many an(prenominal) Buddhists.If the comportment of a Buddha image is requisite for rituals to work portionly, then thither has to an interdependence amongst the Buddha image and ritualistic success. westbound apprentice Donald Swearer, actor of comely the Buddha, argues that the Buddha must be present for the ritual to be efficacious for the dhamma to flourish, and for the sangha to prosper. Moreover, prentice David Eckel makes the point that heap nonplus intellectual nguish when they push aside non see the Buddha. 6 Wouldnt the inception of images hence value an shackle mingled with humanness and objects?This correlation among the Buddha image and the military posture of rituals, t he dharma, and the sangha makes the Buddha image a very(prenominal) sizeable entity. on that point is even an association among kings and real(a) symbols of the Buddha, peculiarly relics and images. There is a Tai fashion of swear commitment to the king in front of the Emerald Buddha image the Buddha image stool indeed be seen as a symbol of power and not scantily a type of the Buddha. Furthermore, the Buddha image is presently construe as a sign of respect and a way for devotees to make deservingness the Buddhas plain stitch of be is effective hrough his continue post-Nibbana aim in his relics and images. 7 It Buddha images soon tunction as a instrument to bear out the posture of rituals and to make merit, then there is an indisputable interdependency amid the Buddha image and the success of rituals as an expression of religious devotion, and therefore an adhesion between the two. cod to the fact that non-attachment is one of the most perfect value set up ithin Buddhism, to sort out the Buddha image as a necessity would be to go from Buddhism altogether.In simpler terms, to be dependent on the Buddha image is to piddle an attachment with it, and to diverseness an attachment is to keep the prefatorial ideals of Buddhism. Thus, the growth of the Buddha image as a doer of preserving the Buddhas presence into an entity that is incumbent for the proper execution of rituals and sacred success, then we can no all-night categorise this concept as an appropriate element of Buddhism. The quaternion direful truths are the gist of the Buddhist path, and to reject them is to hold in Buddhism altogether.

Violence in a Rose for Emily Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Violence in a Rose for Emily - Essay ExampleTherefore, it is not an easy undertaking even for law enforcers to be involved in certain violent acts that could be potenti onlyy considered criminal as in the case of such portraying in William Faulkners short story A Rose for Emily. Marvin Eugene Wolfgang, the most influential criminologist in the English speaking world had his interest in the subcultures of personnel where he theorizes the origins of violence (Silverman). One of the theories as observed from the high rates of crime in Southern America is based on the values and norms which either support violence or does not prohibit such (Lee & Bartkowski). From this perspective, it could be fairly said that some of the elements of the aforementioned short story are accurate. For instance, when Emily bought ratsbane from the druggist, the townspeople were quick to suspect that she would cut down herself and yet did not do anything to prevent the charwoman from doing so, rather we re quite agreeable of the idea. Such a reception seemed to give a thumb up to suicide and encourage a person that killing ones self would be best when all is not going well. ... ther angle, in the murder of Homer Barron, the neighbors and law enforcers of the town assume been quite lenient with an investigation regarding the foul smell that came from Emilys house. They knew that the woman bought some arsenic just a few days before the foul smell filled the neighborhood air and that they even suspected she would kill herself. When they still found evidences of her being alive when her place got smelly, they should have suspected about the smell and spent more serious time considering what might have happened. The absence of Barron after he was last seen entering Emilys house was totally scratched from the picture which shows how her people could easily think highly of a magnanimousness oblige, that she could not possibly kill a northerner who they supposed was married to her. This , and the aforementioned prospect of Emily killing herself brings about the picture of the people in her town where they recognize separately murder in different levels that is, Emily can possibly kill herself and that is fine with them and Emily cannot possibly kill Barron which is revealed in the end was what happened in the story (Kennedy). flavour at the effects of the values and norms of the people in A Rose for Emily, a crime was performed and was never found out until the perpetrator died. The words of justice Stevens, Dammit, sir, will you accuse a lady to her face of smelling bad? seemed to be more of an attempt to protect Emily than to show respect to her. It is true that slender evidences might have been known for suspicion and there is also the consideration of the limitations of the law and enforcers however, there was also no evidence of some extended grounds to know about the foul smell that was affecting the neighbors because they seemed to be afraid

Monitor and control Project Work Speech or Presentation

Monitor and control control Work - Speech or Presentation ExampleThe reasons that justify proper control and supervise of projects and the inputs and outputs of a project that be managed argon to be discussed. The Project Control Cycle is also explained during the presentation which ends with concluding remarks on the when, where and how of project supervise and control. Reasons For Project Monitoring and Control Because it is not realistic that things will at all time progress in accordance to the laid down plan, project monitoring and control becomes necessary for all projects (Watt 9). This is so especially for large projects which are likely to face more changes, recommendations and requests during the process of implementation. Even if there are a lot of preparation and planning for a project, it is necessary to prepare for twists within the initial plan because this is bound to be experienced. More importantly, the monitoring and controlling projects are necessary because i t enables the project manager to detect any alterations, changes or deviations from the initial plan of the project. Through this detection, the project manager is allowed to react to the deviation of the plan through and through proper decision making. The changes which are to be expected to the plan of a project include the human resource, materials, equipment, time, tasks, money and space. The people or expertise that is responsible for implementation of a project is likely to change in terms of motivation, creativity and overall performance. Therefore project monitoring becomes important because project managers are able to detect such changes and as a result employ ways in which the human resource can be motivated to be more creative, communicative and interactive. Through the motivation of the human resource, the project manager will promote the efficiency at which the completion of the project is to be achieved. Changes in equipment or machines include technological changes which may affect the speed at which the project is to be completed. Additionally, new equipment may be required to execute unique(predicate) aspects of a project. This reflects changes in cost which must be anticipated by the project manager and dealt with due consideration of the cost benefit factors of the project. The time at which the project is to be completed may be extended (Maheshwari and Howard 15). Therefore project motoring and control is necessary to detect the changes and constraints in time and construe that the deadlines of implementing the project do not deviate significantly from the time that was allocated for the project in the initial plan. Tasks are also likely to change in the trail of the project. This will lead to change requests from the stakeholders of the projects. The requests for change include extension of space, change of equipment and increased compensation. This is a justification of project monitoring and control. It is argued that the change req uests are evaluated and sanction or rejected in the Perform Integrated Change Control process (Mulcahy 122). It is necessary to screen a project through a adjectival process to aid decision making for possible abandonment, pursuance, acceptance or rejection of the project proposal idea (Olawale and Ming 513). This is another significant justification for monitoring and co

Listening log Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Listening log - Essay ExampleWith Stairway to Heaven, the lyrics are highly symbolic, so much so that it is possible that a great deal of the listeners really had no idea what all was being expressed. However, the music was so beautifully affectional that the lyrics came across on some level, making this song iconic in music history. Title Hotel California Album Hotel California Artist The Eagles Year of wrick 1976 Rock Style Hard Rock Musical Characteristics This piece of music is also a hard rock ballad, but it is less sentimental and to a greater extent dangerously exciting. There was a fascination with Satanism and the occult in the 1970s that came through in the lyrics. The lyrics tell a more straight send on story in which death and the afterlife is explored. The music is intoxicating, the beat seeming to be in 2/4 time, rather than the more common 4/4.The lyrics are the center of this ballad, as the story is highlighted by the use of the lead guitar. Comparison The two ball ads are similar in that they slow down the boilers suit play list of each individual artist in order to become more sentimentally expressive. The vocalists are at the center of the songs, even though the music is designed to echo the emotional renditions of the work. Both songs have similar themes of life and death. However, they are different in that they explore different kinds of sentiment.

Human Development and Learning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Human Development and Learning - Essay ExampleAccording to Piagets theory, cognitive victimisation takes place in four separate stages and each stage progresses onto being more refined and conceptual levels of concept. Sensorimotor, the first stage (birth to 24 months) is characterized by knowledge being achieved mainly by means of sensory impressions and motor action. At the end of this stage, the child will have a little understanding outside what can be sensed. The ensuant stage is the preoperational stage (2 to 7 years) describes how child shifts from sensory testing to the progression of language and using of symbols. The basic characteristics of the stage are reading and a right away increase in vocabulary. The third stage is concrete operational (7 to 11 years) shows significant educatements in perception and in the last phase known as the formal operational (11 to adulthood) explains the childs developing the skill to think about hypothetical conditions and reflect abs tractly.LevVygotsky, an opposite renowned theorist, proposed the Sociocultural Theory of Development which suggested that children learn through socially interacting with their surrounding culture and communicate with others to learn the cultural values of the society through dialogue. Children progress in the direction of more individualized thought process during these social interactions. The co-constructed development incorporates individuals interacting through shared activities. Once the child is assisted in this process, he or she may be able to recitation enhanced strategies in the future if a familiar situation arises. This leads to internalization, which further results in the childs independent thought process.There are essential similarities between the natures of development of intelligence in children. This is particularly obvious in their views on the stage-related development process of cognitive abilities. Vygotsky is well known on his position on the impressivene ss of social factors in development. Piaget stressed the vital role of social factors in the building of knowledge. According to Piaget, social interaction is necessary in order to develop logic. Furthermore, both Vygotsky and Piaget agreed that it is the development of the individual which ultimately takes place. They besides stated that internalization is not a process of copying material from the environment just is a transformative process.Piaget investigated the fundamental mechanisms in the individual constructing its thoughts, while Vygotsky dealt with socially developed mechanisms for constructing language meaning and learning. But both of them relate mental processes to the generative constructions of systems that book development, that is, in culture or in the individual interacting with its environment. In Vygotskys opinion language is makes human species humanized and makes human thought a part of culture. On the other hand, language for Paiget is one of the five beha vior patterns that manifest representational intelligence in children. Paigets theory of intelligence is based on biological factors, but it also implies social dimensions as well. The

The Raise interactive scenario Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Raise interactive scenario - Essay ExampleIn Tanzania in the argonas of Mererani, children are subjected to deplorable conditions of mining, while they ought to be in schools or other places. A child is supposed to go through childhood and enjoy the happenings that happen in that stage. It does not help matters that poverty and the rare of happening of gem could be coincidental in Mererani (Sanga, 2007). Thus, the children in this place are subjected to work at that early stage and point in their life. It beats logic to note that as much as this place and area is a lucrative zone of close to thirty million dollars, a sizeable harmonise of the population still live under poverty. It is needless to stress that the children who work in this sites also constitute part of the poor population (Goodman & Barnes, 2011). Thus, it would be more beneficial to them and the future of the society if they were involved in other alternative activities such as pursuing education.Subsequently, the risk and the deplorable work conditions in the mines do not make matters any easy for the children. Firstly, the children do not have any skill or expertise on how to act or deport when they are down deep in the mines (Schroeder, 2010). Thus, they are exposed to dangers of losing the prospects of a better life ahead of them, if they do not succumb to the dangers of the mines. Conclusively, there are other options that could be pursued to relieve these children off their predicament as articulated above.Sanga, S. P. (2007). The Role of Poor Governance in the Tanzanite-Al Qaeda Link Controversy, and form _or_ system of government Options for Tanzania Enabling it to Escape from Curses in the Mining Industry. One Society Institute.Online Available at www. policy. hu/document/200808/sebastian. sanga. pdf&letoltes,

Undecided Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 1

Undecided - Research Paper ExampleDuring this process, water becomes produced first from the fractures present within the ember. This process continues until the gouge declines to the level where methane would begin to desorb from the coal surrounding substance itself. The extent of the coalbed fracture stays controlled by the characteristics of the geologic formation, the fluid used in fracturing, and the public press employed in pumping. The distance at which the fracturing would be performed also comprises geological formation characteristics. The ability for a fracture to grow taller or longer would be determined by the material goods of the surrounding rock. A hydraulically generated fracture would take the route of least resistance through the surrounding rock formations and coal seams (EPA Chapter 1 3-4). Studies by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Marcellus Shale Team, and the Energy Institute have clearly confirmed the effectiveness of present-day state regulatio ns in defend water mental imagerys. This research paper positions itself to supporting that methane hydraulic fracturing fluids into coalbed wells pose a minimal threat to undercover drinking water sources. Discussion EPA conducted a research study into evaluating the impacts of hydraulic fracturing of coalbed methane to underground sources of drinking water. The study employed a methodology covering hydraulic fracturing processes and potential incidents of water quality associated with the process. Also, the methodology would determine hazardous constituents contained in hydraulic fracturing additives and fluids as well as identification of coalbed methane basins hydrogeology. The approach employed a detailed and extensive collection of reviews and teaching of theoretical and empirical data. EPA also reviewed cases of underground drinking water contamination alleged to have resulted from the injection of methane hydraulic fracturing fluids into coalbed methane beds (EPA Chapte r 2 2). Methane hydraulic fracturing fluids include foamed gels, acids, super C chloride water and clear water, cross or linear linked gels and a combined treatment of any two or more of these fluids. On the separate hand, hydraulic additives include biocides, friction reducers, breakers, acid corrosion inhibitors and fluid loss additives (EPA Chapter 4 2-8). Their findings on water quality incidents reflected data from formal studies, in attachment to the opinions of, residents living near coalbed methane sites namely Black Warrior, Powder River Basins, San Juan and Central Appalachian. Incidences of contamination could be attributed to common yield activities such as surface discharge of fracturing and production fluids, and methane migration through fracturing and drilling made outlets. In addition, contamination could arise from improperly abandoned production well, aquifer dewatering and poorly installed or sealed production wells. Moreover, natural factors, resource develop ment, historical practices and population growth also constitute potential sources of contamination to drinking water. However, the follow-up outcomes of the study concluded that underground drinking water sources could not be contaminated by hydraulic fracturing. According to EPA, the production of ground water would minimize the likelihood that chemicals contained in fracturing fluids could impact negatively on underground drink

Wintz Lawn Service, Inc Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Wintz Lawn Service, Inc - Term Paper Exampledepr. (100) Retained loot 2,500 200 join stockholders equity 2,900 Total assets $3,200 Total liabilities and stockholders equity $3,200 3) Yes, Kathy Wintz summer work was mostly successful. She was able to make lots of sales and her expenses were only a little over half her revenue, which means that she make quite a substantial net profit. Wintz biggest expense was salaries, but even then this was only one-third of the net income. Other expenses, such as rent, supplies, and reanimate expenses, only cost a small portion of the total expenses. For the Retained Earnings Statement, Wintz was able to make back more than double her initial investment. For a business that was only open for four months, this is very impressive. Wintz also paid out some dividends to sh atomic number 18holders, but there was still enough retained earnings left at the end of August that Wintz could return to college feeling satisfied with her summers work. For the balance sheets, the assets column looks very healthy. Added to this is the fact that there are very few liabilities, which means that the business does not have any worries.

Discussion Board Post Response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 19

Discussion Board Post Response - Essay ExampleIn this viewpoint, video monitoring could be used to detect areas inside the health care organization where falls are prevalent and consequently advise patients to avoid using those areas. For instance, staircases could be areas prone to patient falls and thence cold be avoided.Rhea Ann, your elucidation of how compulsory deviance could be used to prevent patients from wandering off is spot-on. Placing bracelets on the patients known to wander almost is an ingenious technique that could be referred to as an example of positive deviance. lordly deviance is the use of innovative strategies that makes some individuals achieve elevated levels of success than others (Bradley et-al, 2009). Positive deviants according to Seidman and McCauley (2009) are more successful because they are able to identify risks and subsequently implement positive strategies to achieve change. Identifying the fact that wandering around could fall out to falls is in itself risk identification, and placing bracelets on the patients is implementation of a positive strategy aimed at achieving positive outcomes.Bradley, E. H., Curry, L. A., Ramanadhan, S., Rowe, L., Nembhard, I. M., &Krumholz, H. M. (2009). Research in action Using positive deviance to improve quality of health care. Implementation Science,4(25),

Modern Age Europe 1348-1789 Phase Definitions 1 Assignment

Modern Age Europe 1348-1789 Phase Definitions 1 - Assignment ExampleNicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543) was a polish non-Christian priest and an astronomer. He adopted elements of Ptolemaic mold and transferred them to a heliocentric (sun-centered) model. The heliocentric model used the assumption that the earth revolved round the sun in a circle (Kagan et al, 422). In relation to Ptolemys system, his epicycles were smaller, and the inverted motion of the planets was explained to occur due to an optical illusion that came up because race were observing them from the earth, which was moving. He argued that some planets were far away from the sun thus, took a long time to revolve around it. Tycho Brahe (1546 1601), a Danish astronomer, took the next significant step towards upward(a) the idea of the sun-centered system. He suggested that Mercury and Venus revolved around the sun but that the moon, the sun and the other planets orbited round the earth (Kagan et al, 69). Brahe made scient ific instruments with which he made more advanced findings of planets than anyone else had done. Johannes Kepler (1571-1630), a German astronomer and assistant to Brahe took possession of Brahes table upon his demise. He believed in the Copernican heliocentric model and was deeply influenced by Renaissance Neo-Platonism, which holds the sun in peculiar honor. He let go of the circular components of the Copernicuss model the epicycles after he at last realized that the sun had to be at the centre of things. Based on the findings that emerged from his study of Brahes work, Keppler produced the first astronomical model that portrayed motion. Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) discovered that the celestial sphere were extremely complex than anyone had ever suspected. He knew that few people possessed the knowledge, so he used his rhetorical skills to show that he was concerned with maturation the facts further, and not opposing them. Galileo named the moons of Jupiter after his patron, Medi ci. In order to win support both for his continued work and theories, he named the moons of Jupiter after Medicis. Through his political skills and smooth prose, he transformed himself into a high- profile advocate of Copernicanism (Kagan et al, 428). Isaac Newton (1642-1727) had a view that inertia force applies to bodies both at rest and motion. He nominate out that the planets, as well as the other objects in the space moved by mutually attracting each other and that every object unnatural one another through the force of gravity. This is what caused the planets to move in an organized way. Newton also believed in empiricism, a philosophical teaching that emphasized on observation of phenomena before explaining them. Francis Bacon (1561-1626) was considered the founder of experimentation and empiricism in science. He worked to link science and material progress in the public mind. He believed that the adult male was yet to discern novel things. He also had a strong conviction that scholars paid too much attention to traditions and knowledge of ancient findings. Rene Descartes (1596-1650), a talented mathematician who invented the analytic geometry. He concluded that he could not doubt his own act of thinking or his own existence. He then admit the existence of God. He influenced thoughts of philosophers of his time and the present. Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) provided a rigorous philosophical justification for a strong central political authority. He advised people not to do unto others what

The impact of E-commerce on the auditing standards Dissertation

The collision of E-commerce on the auditing standards - Dissertation ExampleContinuous innovation in the information world has drastic all in ally changed the nature of works of business organization as well as of individuals. Substantial dependence on information organisation has also enhanced individuals innovative power. Today people can not only dream about some spectacular thing, but they can genuinely give a realistic shape to their dreams with the implementation of information system. For example, a few decades ago it was even beyond imagination that people can master the opportunities to enroll themselves in any foreign universities without making any corporeal presence. But continuous and spectacular innovations in the field of information technology let made people dream about distant learning where they can be in continuous touch with their tutors and college administration without making there physical presence in college campuses. Thus information system not only r evolutionized they way people do their works, but also the way people think. In this age of highly improved information age ecommerce has become a very popular term. E-commerce can be defined as the use of electronic transmission medium (telecommunication) to engage in the exchange, including buying and selling of products and services requiring transportation either physically or digitally from location to location. Introduction of ecommerce has been ready to have produced some positive effects on economic performance of a country. It offers innovative ways of selling, delivering and receiving of goods and services and affects almost every industry and all aspects of business mechanisms and in this process dramatically contributes to productivity enhancement of the industries. In the field of auditing, ecommerce has been taking its place at very fast pace. However, it would be The proposed determine will consider a particular set of widely used auditing standards in order to eval uate the effects of ecommerce on that set of auditing standards. For the purpose of the proposed study, the impacts of ecommerce on US GAAS (US Generally Accepted Auditing Standards) will be studied. Thus the theme of the study can be written as follows Effects of e-commerce on a particular set of auditing standards, i.e. US GAAS, in terms of the application of US GAAS and the outcomes. However, before proposing inquiry questions and relevant research methods, it is very necessary to look into the findings of existing literatures in the relevant field of study. Given the research theme stated above, a number of research questions and corresponding hypotheses should be postulated in order to asses the impact of ecommerce. Now, one thing should be mentioned at this juncture in order to understand the next section that a number of factors are associates with the application of a particular set of auditing standards. The most vital factors are audit preparation and implementation of a udit plan. The research questions that should be presented later in this proposal should worry into account all these facts. Apart form these, some parameters relating audit plan and implementation of audit plan should be taken into account in this research in order to measure the effect ecommerce on these variables. The literature review section should explain all the issue relating to impact of ecommerce on auditing, issues concerning audit planning and issues relating to proper implementation of audit plan. All these will provide required explanations of the research questions to be postulated after the literature revi

Drug and Substance Abuse Testing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 9

Drug and Substance Abuse Testing - Essay ExampleAs the paper outlines, wel distante was designed to serve up the underprivileged in the society. Through welfare, the poor and the disabled population in the society are able to re-enter the workforce and to subsequently care for themselves. The particular is that ever since its incorporation, welfare has been able to assist numerous families and needy individuals in the society. However, the Welfare Reform consequentially contributed to a significant reduction of welfare dependants. Consequentially, irrespective of the significant financial savings accrued to the welfare reform, this policy has facilitated the increase in unemployment levels. Moreover, drug testing by itself does nothing to promote employment, economic perceptual constancy or responsible parenting (Drug testing for welfare recipients to be considered by state Senate 6). Recipients point to data showing that those on welfare are far less likely to do drugs than those who are not on welfare. Moreover, the monthly assistance checks barely cover necessities (Dawkins 20111). Therefore, the implementation of such a policy is an sign of stereotyping by the legislature, based on the assumption that welfare recipients are more likely to abuse drugs.The adoption of state drug testing requirements are unconstitutional and a violation of privacy. This issue came out as a result of the Michigan statute that was influenced by the Marchwinski case. In the case, Marchwinski v. Howard, the plaintiff challenged the Michigan state statute, lay out that the case suspicion-less drug testing was an unconstitutional search under the 4th amendment (Schaberg 583). The court held that suspicion-less drug testing is a blanket condition that is relevant in order to receive state assistance.

The comparative case study of Developed (G-8 & G-20 countries) Term Paper

The comparative case study of Developed (G-8 & G-20 countries) - Term Paper ExampleThe United Nations definition of the poor indicates that they atomic number 18 such persons living on less than a dollar a day.The more alarming indications that the developed economies classified under the G-8 and the G-20 have their share of economic problems points turn up the seriousness of this issue. The worlds giant economies are classified under the G-8 whereas the G-20 are the fast growing economies of the world that have continued to be a threat to the developed nations in terms of economic power.The World Bank has made projections to the effect that developing countries or the G20 are likely to reach skilful capacity in terms of growth and consequently slowing growth from the year 2010s 7.3 percent to a region of around 6.3 percent per annum as from 2011-2013. On the other hand, the G8 will encounter a slowed growth from the lower growth reflected by the 2010s 2.7 percent to the year 2 011s hurtle to 2.2 percent. They will experience a rise of up to 2.7 percent in the end of 2012 and a further drop to 2.6 percent in 2013, which shows a displace economy in the giant economies1. If these statistics are to be believed, the developing world is steadily catching up with their developed counterparts even though there are obstacles that they must overcome. This paper examines the macroeconomic indicators of two selected countries (United States and Saudi Arabia) that are in the G-8 and G-20 categories. The period of examination shall be in the last five years and indicators such as the GDP, unemployment rates, GNP, consumer and producer price index and GDP per capita among others will be used to analyze their macroeconomic conditions. United States is slowly picking up from the clear up economic downfall in decades. On the other hand, the Arabic nation of Saudi Arabia has not been affected much by the global economic crisis but that does not mean that the citizens of the

Using Metaphors in Organizations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Using Metaphors in Organizations - Essay ExampleThis essay stresses that metaphorical way of looking at at an organization is a very useful way of understanding the organization, developing new concepts and theories that can help in better management and harvest of the organization. This can potentially have a very positive influence on the society and environment as well. The discussion above explains how two disparate metaphors for the same organization can create completely different perceptions and theories in terms of their operations, people, customers and stakeholders. This paper makes a conclusion that emphasis on metaphors can be considered as one of the oldest, most deeply embedded, even indispensable ways of knowing in the history of human consciousness and also form the ground of some of the most central ideas of understanding a concept. In fact, many theorists have agreed with the three reasons Ortony. These theories state that metaphors provide a compact transforma tion of an event they enable people to predict characteristics that are unnamable, and they are more vivid emotionally, sensorially and cognitively because they are close to perceived experience. In spite of the role embraced by metaphorical expressions, their exploitation creates lot of misunderstanding of the concept. The positive outcomes of metaphorical expression of organizations as brains can be attributed to the sophistication in information treat systems used by the organization, their capacity to handle huge data, and their ability to think and act strategically.

Significance of Belonging in Young Peoples Lives. Belongingness and Essay

Significance of Belonging in Young Peoples Lives. Belongingness and Identity - Essay ExampleBelongingness is a phenomenon that is characterized with a interchange feature called identity - be it a individualized or community based, but identity is the core factor governing the sense of belongingness. Identity attributes the parody of outsider versus insider barriers due to polarization, so is happened with nationalism to the larger extent. Identification with ones own ethnic group occurs at the cost of estrangement from the larger societal framework. Belongingness as a manifested form of identity influences the fundamental structure of personal identification at its basic level, whereas, at its most complex level, it articulates the complex involvement with some other individuals within the social network, featuring a range of potentially contradictory identity factors contributing to adherence such as gender factor, attitudinal factors, sexual orientation factor, ethnicity facto rs, ethnic preference factor and so on. When the development of the sense of belongingness is deprived, it may result in increased anxiety, stress and emotional distress along with various forms of psychopathology and physiological malfunctioning (Baumeister & Leary, 1995 Anderman, 2002).Need for BelongingnessAs stated in Sociometer theory proposed by Leary and Baumeister (2000), there is a strong correlation between ones relational hold dear and perceived self-esteem. If an individual perceives that his or her relational value is at risk, it may lower his or her self-esteem to quite a further. This threat is central to the requirement for belongingness that educes reflection about the problematic condition and potential solutions, as described by rumination theory proposed by Martin and Tesser (1996). Hence, if the perceived threat of relational inadequateness is continuing through the human system, the distorted self-esteem may cause the threat to repetitively turn out to be t he individuals focus of aw atomic number 18ness by interfering reflection over the barren goal, namely, the satisfaction of the choose for belongingness. Aligned to this fact, rumination theory proposes that the perceived threat to the contentment of a basic need is one of the central factors educing and maintaining reflection (Gold & Wegner, 1995).Forms of BelongingnessIn order to develop an understanding about the relationship of belongingness to a youngs life in terms of their living style, historical context of their existing condition, as well as present contextual framework, a thorough approach in considering the forms of belongingness needs to be assessed. There are essentially two forms of belongingness that influence an individuals life especially a young individuals life to quite a greater extent belonging to place, inclusive of nationality and neighbourhood and a blend of these two aspects and belonging to sexual community.Belonging to PlaceIn several times, various res earchers conducted studies in order to find out the significance of belongingness in an individuals life in relation to the social location the individual belong to. It has been found that the sense of belongingness is shaped by the social location in which an individual belonging into (Rutherford, 1990). Hence, the essential contributing factors shaping a young individuals sense of belongingness include locality, gender, ethnicity, religion and social class. In such a consider called Inventing Adulthood Study (London South Bank University, 2006) conducted to find out the sense of national identity among young individuals suggests that the national identity seems to be invisible with an

Strategic Alliance Essay Example for Free

Strategic adhesion EssayThe collaborations betwixt companies live with been one of the well-nigh critical changes in industrial field during the last three decades. Through outsourcing and taking off non-core activities, corporate borders have been pulled back and large companies be increasingly cooperated with other companies to get at resources and devote themselves to activities outside their own boundaries. Business concerted relationship between companies is regarded as hybrid establishmental forms (Borys and Jemison, 1989 Powell. 987 Thorelli. 1986).In order to access more worldwide market and reduce risks, the hybrid organizational forms are mainly realized by contractual agreement, strategic hamper and joint venture. Compared to some casual cooperative arrangements between companies, strategic alliance is refer to a long-term, substantial collaboration, which is an agreement characterized by the commitment of two or more firms to achieve a divided up goal entai ling the pooling of their resources and activities (Teece. 1992, p. 19).It discharge be put on a continuum, where contractual agreement is on one can, characterizing low control and resource commitment, whilst the other end is joint venture, representing a high control and high resource commitment (Hill et al. 1990). Variety types of strategic alliances include shared new product developing, supply grasp digressnerships, technical collaboration, outsourcing agreements, joint research projects, etc. In these days, strategic alliances are more and more important for firms to achieve efficiency and effectiveness in the worldwide market.Through cooperation rather than competition, firms can access knowledge and market resources over both firms, instead or acquiring them. It is not just be and beat saving, but also increasing the efficiency with which knowledge is utilized. Firms are entering into strategic alliances because of numerous components. The rapid change in engineering with high expenditures on RD, intensifying competitions, globalization and so on. Different companies have their own belligerent advantages, which can be beneficial to other parties. Resources, particularly applied science and market information, can be shared by parties under strategic alliance.For example, Starbucks entered an alliance with Barnes and Nobles Bookstores in 1990s, to provide their in-house coffee service in their stores. Barnes and Nobles market resources has been utilized, resulting in Starbucks coffee be marketed into bookstores. As well as that, more customers were bringed by Barnes and Nobles, thanks to the outstanding Starbucks coffee offered in store. Although theoretically, forming strategic alliances can bring immense receiptss to companies and reduce the risks in projects, it is not rare to see problems in practice.Differences in cultural and language, control cerebrate problems, even the differences in cognizance can lead to failures. In this artic le, we get out focus on not only on the increasing importance of strategic alliance in worldwide market, but also the motives, benefits, related costs and limitations. Our group work is done in three parts. Part (A) Introduction and Literature refresh is done by Jiaxing and Lily. Jiaxing gives the definition of strategic alliance, while Lily is creditworthy for literature research and critical review.Followed by the literature review, a case study will be given in part (B) by Xinrui, to instal how the literature is confirm or disconfirmed by practice. In part (C), a brief conclusion of this topic will be given by Mehedi and comply up with the forecast of trend and new topics in this area, based on Part (A), Part (B) and the further information collected by Kazi.Literature Review There are abundant studies trying to address the definition of strategic alliance. Based on resource-dependence theory (Pfeffer. 978) and the resource-based view of the firm (Penrose, 1957), some schol ars (Van De Van and Walker, 1984 Rothaermel, 2001) have identified strategic alliances as a quest for resources. Also, a majority of researchers view the alliances priority objectivity as sharing of knowledge (Inkpen and Crosssan, 1995 Khanna et al. ,1998 Kale et al. , 2000), which is the organization learning perspective. As a result, alliance member seek to learn faster than other parties, trying to achieve a positive balance in the trade of knowledge, which is so called Competition for Learning (Hamel, 1991).The number of strategic alliance has been increasing rapidly since late 1980s (Vissi, 1997). The following is an integration of our findings in literature. Motives of Alliance Formation In the article of Varadarajan and Cunningham (1995), motives for firms entering a strategic alliance is analysed Globalization and intensified international competition With the development of telecommunication and traffic, there is a major trend of globalization in the last few decades.More a nd more corporations are trying to break into foreign markets to widen their market. Strategic alliance is an efficient and effective way in gaining complementary resources from a foreign party and reduces risks. Remove barriers to enter new markets In certain international markets, specially the developing ones, firms often have difficulties due to some domestic factors, such(prenominal) as government regulation and local parties resistance. By forming an alliance with local firms, the expansion can be realized more smoothly and the risk is reduced.Broaden product lines/ narrowing product line gap Firms can be especially interested in finding another partner, when they are in lack of technology or not able to bear the high RD costs. Existing technology of partner can be utilized in a short timeframe and also costs-saving. In this way, their product lines can be broaden and the gap between product line can be narrowed.Enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of utilizing resources each partner in strategic alliance should have their own hawkish advantages, such as technology, market resources, local experiences, logistic systems, etc. y forming the alliances, these advantages can be shared by parties and making all of them more competitive than before. Extension and acquire new resources Resource acquisition is an essential motive in formulation of strategic alliance. Manufacturing firms often enter into alliance to acquire RD resources whilst technology companies is seeking to gain the market resources as much as possible. There are two forms of strategic alliances market related and technology related (Vyas et al. 1995).In a mature market, it is often the case in which the market related alliances are more profitable. However technology, related alliance tend to be more beneficial for high-tech firms compared to others (Rai et al. 1996). Researches of Vyas et al (1995) show that synergy between the partners is the key factors to achieve efficiency and eff ectiveness. In order to know the synergy, a comprehensive arrangement of the value that partners can bring to the alliance has to be acquired before entry.Also, a balance of control and contribution to the alliance need to be agreed to ensure the success and avoid encounter as much as possible. Limitations of Strategic Alliances When the needs of each partner are fulfilled, each party can benefit from the formation of strategic alliances. However, alliances are not without its problems. Due to numerous reasons, such as differences in cognizance, aims and resources, changes can be triggered. In some cases, projects with imbalanced benefits or control between parties can end up damaging the relationship of trust.In some cases strategic alliances broke up as a result. unremarkably the factors driving to a failure can be imbalanced control, unequal gains, differences in cultural values and antitrust charges. According to Day (1995), the liquidation cost of a strategic alliance can be one of the most expensive costs to a corporation. Even if the partnership remains, there are umpteen factors thwarting the normal operations of the combined entity. One of the most important factors is the extensive time managers have to spend on communication, trust-building, and coordination.As it takes time for parties in a partnership to consolidate their internal network, both in terms of communication and interests groups, there always comes with the strategic alliances very time-consuming consolidation process. A manager has to first know the personnel he is supervising as well as his own supervisors, who are possibly from a totally assorted business culture. It takes time for managers to know whom they can trust and who trust them. Only based on trust can further coordination be performed.Another factor that affects the long-term value of the firms participating in the partnership is the clash of egos and company cultures. Say if Google once form a strategic alliance with Goldman Sachs, the investment bankers cannot considerably forgo their perfectionism to Googles relaxing and creative culture fostered for their wired-in programmers. While there is a possibility for two different business culture to combine and pay off an even more unique and efficient business culture, in most cases the history and the effort invested to build the current corporate culture may be wasted traditions are inferior in strategic alliances.Part B There are many successful market related and technology related alliances taking place in contemporary market. From the successful examples contributed by Apple, Helett Packard and Disney, and Eli Lilly, we can see the sharing of sources in alliances facilitate breakthroughs in technology and revenue maximation in marketing. While most strategic alliances play a propelling role in pushing the business of parties in the partnership further, there are some offsets implicitly caused by the alliance strategy.The notorious WorldCo ms, Global Crossings, and Enron scandals offer us convenient examples in showing the unconfirmed part of strategic alliances. This part will first discuss the cases provided by Apple, Helett Packard and Disney, and Eli Lilly that show the confirmed side of the theories enclosed in the literature in this essay. Following the confirmed side is the unconfirmed side contributed by the scandals originated from WorldComs, Global Corssings, and Enron. White the iPad redefined personal computers and created and captured the tablet market, it the strategic alliance behind the scene that makes the popularity of iPad possible.Apples technology alliance with Clearwell makes the development of iPad much more efficient when these two firms jointly developed the eDiscovery Platform. The eDiscovery Platform is the electronic discovery software solution that enables enterprises, governments and law firms to manage legal, regulatory and fact-finding matters using a single application. Such platform makes it easy for orgaizations to cost effectively and defensibly solve real-world chanlleges from legal hold and collections through analysis, review and production.Such proficient largely helped Apple to capture the market in large legal entities. Hewlett Packard and Disney exemplified their alliance as a long-standing partnership. Starting back in 1938, the alliance enabled Disney to swan on HPs RD capability, which helped Disney out from the eight oscillators for sound design sold to Disney over 70 years ago to the most recent digital film making techniques offered by HP engineers to Disneys Imagineers. Undoubtedly, the technology support to Disney makes it a dominant mass media firm.Furthermore, the business generated fruitful RD products and cash inflow for HP to march farther. As a pharmaceutical tycoon, Eli Lilly features as a powerful research partner for nearly a century. Its enormous contribution to Diabetes medicine salvage multimillions people. Similar to most pharm aceutical companies, the multi-phases RD process outsources the firms research capability, legal resources, and capital. Eli Lilly was able to save the costs by seeking international partners, such as the Belgium-based company Galapagos, Canadas BioMS medical group, and the Japanese Kyowa Hakko Kogyo.Its alliance with Galapagos fasten the development of treatments for osteoporosis its cooperation with the Japanese firm determines that Lilly will have the exclusive license to divvy up the targeted cancer treatment in Japan and the partnership with BioMS in a licensing and development agreement for a novel treatment for multiple sclerosis saved overall costs. These real world examples confirmed that strategic alliances provide an efficient way to research and develop new products, to save legal cost, and to capture the international market at faster speed.While the classical strategic alliances examples confirmed with the literature, there are notable failures caused by the shortcomi ng of strategic alliances. As the most notorious business scandals in this century, Enron and its alliance with Arthur Andersen bring a vivid example of how alliance help them avoid legitimately report their financial standings and gain illegal benefit from forfeiting financial controversys. When the scandal was exposed to the media, both firms bankrupted in an instant, making the largest bankruptcy in the US history.Other the Enron scandal was the WorldCom forfeit their income statement when trying to incorporate Verizon and evolve to the largest telecommunications provider. When the US government launched an anti-trust suit, WorldCom collapsed immediately. The shared resources play a beneficial role in lower the fixed cost for parties in the strategic alliances. However, joint effort and resources also mean joint benefit, which can propel the corporations as well as ruin it. When there is a conflict of interests, the advantages brought by strategic alliances are harmful.

Organizational Behaviour Case Study Essay Example for Free

Organizational Behaviour Case Study EssayCases Automation in the Book terminal and The Night snout answering Service Part 1) The field of Organizational Behavior is one that is very important when it fuck offs to managing community and to make them do effectively. This begins with instruction. In stray to understand these cases it is important to look at two the structure and environment of the company. In the case of the Automation in the Book Store, the company is a medium sized bookstall. Because this company is a bookstore with very few employees there is not a high level of formalisation, little specialization and little authority. Therefore, it has an organic structure. Employees dont concord a lot procedures and rules that they must(prenominal) abide by while doing their jobs. In fact the initial company policy required employees to die hard with the customer they were serving from the time they walked into the store until the sale was made. Also, there was not a great deal of standardization in that there was not a set procedure on how employees did their prevail, rather it was a freer organization because there were very few employees and this resulted in greater flexibility.Look to a greater extent thanstarbuck problem undertakeThese facts all changed once the young computer system was implemented. This system presented employees with some degree of formalization and standardization in their jobs because now there were precise rules and procedures on how to deal with customers. This includes entering an ID amount every time a sale was made and closing the store with the system. Also, because this bookstore was not use to high levels of formalization in the prehistorical, the implementation of the procreation program was touch on. There were no instructions on how to close at the end of the twenty-four hours in training. The manager had to come in and prep ar a hand-written set of instructions about this routine. This is a s ign of bad fig and implementation. Also, because the company is more change than decentralized, the management must follow chief offices requests. This is the exact same thing with employees who must listen to the manager eventide though the employees were apprehensive, particularly the older staff, about new system. Again, the design of the training program, which was quoted as pretty skimpy and patronizing, was another sign of poor design.However, because the structure of the company was somewhat centralized they had to the training according to the way head office and management precious. The structure of The Night Owl Answering Services was that it was between mechanistic and organic. This call center was more mechanistic because it was more centralized and more specialization where each individual had a specific role. Bob was responsible for technology, sales and marketing. bloody shame was responsible for training. This type of structure affected the training because of sp ecialization. Nobody else was responsible for training, so when Mary passed away, everyone else specialized in a different area which left training to be an open mess. Only Mary knew the system the best because she specialized in this. This left the company scrambling to recover and in turn designed a training program that proved to be ineffective and poorly implemented. There was only one lady responsible for training. In the case of Automation in the Book Store and The Night Owl Answering Service it is important to look at the organizations environment.In these two cases, the organizations both faced environmental disbelief. Every organization has the potential for environmental uncertainty. This uncertainty created a poor design for training. This was one of the major similarities in both of these cases. This is when management or slew of the organization cant really predict what is going away to happen. The cases with Automation in the Book Store and The Night Owl Answering Se rvices had faced environmental uncertainty that prove to be frustrating and challenging. However, because both of these companies had static environments, that is a company that remain fairly stable over time and had the least amount of uncertainty, they were sensitive to change. In The Night Owl Answering Service the head of training, Mary, passed away. This was an unpredictable event. It was clearly evident that there was no back up to Mary. Because this company was so used to certainty, it caught them off guard, particularly Bob. In the medium size bookstore the company had followed the same procedures to ring up sales until it introduced its new system.It took one month for the company to adapt. Again, both companies trained employees in such a way that proved to be ineffective. This means these two organizations ability to adapt to environmental change was poor. Its also important to discuss outside(a) environmental factors or outside factors that have a conduce effect on the company, which in turn affected training. The answering services company had a good reputation for customer service but when the senior operators started leaving they hired new people and trained very quickly to get people on the phone and take calls. Therefore, the external factor here would be the customer. In The Night Owl Answering Services the customer was always the number one priority because they had a prestige reputation on customer service they wanted to continue providing services in a timely manner. This forthwith affected the training design and implementation because trainers wanted the trainees on the phone as soon as possible to serve the clients of the company because they were short staffed. As a result of this, the trainers wanted to get trainees on the phone quickly which resulted in an implementation and design that proved to be ineffective.Trainees were expected to learn through with(predicate) trial and error style of training. Senior operators were forced to take calls and train at the same time. This resulted in slower operators and higher errors and more complaints to the call center, which allow to clients (external factor) leaving the call center and find business elsewhere. This company was so focused on getting trainees on the phone, they ignored the fact they lacked the basic phone etiquette and computer skills. Senior Management was continuously on the phone, with out breaks. In The Automation in the Book Store the external environment component that should be discussed is technology. Like every other company, it must keep up with technology and accept current business practices. They were entering an era where technology was becoming widespread and they needed a system to calculate the GST. This is a reason why the bookstore decided to take on the new computer system. The organizations employees were reluctant to have it but didnt have a choice and had to keep up with external technological factors.The company was highly sensitive to this environmental change, which was external, but when the system was implemented, it became an inner factor. There was systematic upthrow in this organization. There ability to adapt to systematic change, the new computer system would be considered systematic turbulence. Systematic turbulence looks at how a company deals with a change in the environment change. This is evident is the case with Automation in the Bookstore. . Part 2) Motivational effects are very important aspects of an organization. People have to be motivated to join and remain in organizations. They also have to carry out their basic work reliability in terms of productivity, quality, and services, requirements and should always interact to accomplish their goal. These are some examples that if were missing in an organization, employees and members of the company began to lose interest and be less motivated. This was the case with these two organizations. One of the major similarities was that both companies faced poor training design and implementation. In Automation in the Bookstore the training was drilling and ineffective, which had indigenceal effects. Lisa was an employee who worked in a medium sized bookstore and was completely dissatisfied with the design of the training. Unfortunately, the training was a mandatory requirement to understand the new system.The first two days started off by having to watch two half an hour videos which Lisa found to be boring and insulting. On the third day of training it went downhill. The computer system was not on training mode the way it was suppose to be. Also, there were no instructions on how close at the end of the day. The manager had to come in and prepare handwritten set of instructions. This caused a lot of problems and created frustration for all members of the organization including management and head office, who wanted to assign blame to someone. The operation of the system was not going according to plan and this got th e trainees upset and confused about the policies of the system. Some parts of the training were black and the continuous frustration had negative motivational effects. Similarly, The Night Owl Answering Services faced great training problems when Mary died, that evidently created negative motivational problems. Bob was forced to take over training without much knowledge of how to do so, which was also a big problem. Senior operators were forced to work excess hard with no breaks, while at the same time train a new person.New operators were poorly trained and did not know how to grapple calls. All these factors started showing in the office environment. These factors inevitably caused negative motivational effects. For example, intrinsic motivations were clearly not met in this organization. Intrinsic is defined as the direct relationship between the worker and the task. In the call center the task was frustrating and created anxiety. If these factors werent here there would be mo re interested in the position. However, because the training was so poorly done, the intrinsic motivation factor was not macrocosm met and created less motivation. It is also important to discuss the Maslows Need Theory and how it applies to these two cases. The necessarily theory states NEEDS BEHAVIOR INCENTIVE AND GOALS. Both of these organizations both fit the physiological needs, which include the basic human needs. In safety needs it includes freedom from anxiety, and a structured ordered environment. The safety needs were not being met. Both organizations faced stress and anxiety, particularly the call center, which effected motivation.Results of poor motivation create poor quality of work. The training was poor and it would reflect on the quality of work being performed because they are no longer motivated to work with all the stress factors. Hertrzberg theory should be looked at as well. The first factor is the hygene factor. This includes relationship with fellow employe es, security and other various factors. In order for employees to not feel less motivated or dissatisfied is if all these factors are in place. If all these factors are in place you will not feel unsatisfied but that doesnt necessarily mean that you will be satisfied. It just means not being unsatisfied. Both companies didnt even get past the hygene factor of just not being unsatisfied. The second factor of Hertzbergs theory talks about is motivation. This is a sense of achievement and recognition, which would play different in each company. This doesnt have a great effect on the bookstore because their situation was short term in compared to the call center. If the company cant even properly trained there is no chance of being recognized or feel a sense of achievement.The cases state that the trainees felt like they were being under attack by the senior staff. That would have a negative affect and create decrease motivation. There is no room for job enrichment that in turn means no enhancement in intrinsic motivation. Overall the similarities with respect to the training and the two companies were that of implementation and design. The training program was poor due to various reasons as stated in the report. One of the major differences to note was that the call center issue was a more complex problem and more of a long-term problem. The bookstore training was more of short-term problem. The problem only lasted about a month. Also another difference to note is that the bookstore had a smaller number of employees, so controlling the problem was a bit easier.In the call center there were various problems that were even more difficult to control because they had to meet client needs. In these two organizations there was lack of leadership. Particularly transformational leadership. This is when a leader makes his/her representative look beyond the task, or in this case the training, by observing the bigger picture or goal. Not doing this would negatively effect motivation because the individual will then began to wallet his or her own self-interest. In the case of the The Night Owl Answering Service, when Mary passed away, nobody was able to step up and show leadership. Because this particularity affected training, the person responsible for training should have demonstrated leadership ethics to make them feel more positively motivated. Nobody had the leadership to motivate people to put forth their best efforts. There were no directive and supportive people in these organizations. The coaching was ineffective and the trainees had no proper direction. Automation in the bookstore did not face a great deal of leadership problems because again, it only employed about 6-8 people.

The Relationship between Reason and Experience Essay Example for Free

The Relationship between Reason and run into EssayThe various man-made creations, the ecesis of varied school of thoughts and literature that reflects the varieties of human race go acrosss and the different ideas that govern mans way of living attest mans love of wisdom. Man as the highest form of animal is an authentic specie that never stops learning, innovating, creating, and seeking ways to gain more choices in giving his life more meaning. As he continually desire to seek answers in his questions towards his existence, there is a continuous enhancement of mans intellect. Reviewing the history and looking around the coetaneous world itself go out ascertain mans development towards intellect. nevertheless how do knowledge and rationality develop that resulted to mans creation of umpteen things? People establish knowledge and rationality in different ways. Human beings basically hate uncertainty or skepticism. But skepticism as it resulted to equivocalness and doubt m otivates man to seek for answers in fulfilling his wonder. The use of observation from stupefys or senses is one of the most important resources in acquiring knowledge.People can well believe the idea that mind apprehends truths through the medium of the senses for the campaign that people really learned from experience. However, is there something as absolute knowledge by which human beings accumulate truths without having to experience it? This paper will attest that human beings innate reasoning and experience argon inextricably linked in the acquisition and consumption of knowledge. Experience that is associated with empiricist philosophy and innate reasoning associated with rationalism are interrelated. Over the years, the source and extent of knowledge has been strongly debated in the world of philosophy.freethinking and empiricism are the two rival schools of thoughts that gave accounts on the theories of knowledge. Basically the debate between empiricists and rationalis ts was whether or not knowledge is acquired from the senses or experiences. Empiricism holds the attitude that beliefs are to be accepted and acted upon only if they first have been confirmed by actual experience (Empiricism). Empiricism emphasizes the role of experience as it gives evidences in the formation of ideas. Just like in science, hypothesis and theories must be tested through observation and experiments to be sure of its factuality.However some reality or knowledge on empiricism in the context of experimental reasoning is not always credible. All can be subject to revision. As utmost as possible, empiricism also try to avoid any reference to abstract entities and to restrict themselves to what is sometimes called a nominalistic language, i. e. , one not containing such(prenominal) references (Carnap 1997). Empiricism apparently believes that innate knowledge is unobservable and inefficacious that is, it does not do anything. A particular knowledge only works and becomes more substantive if one experiences it.For example, how would you know or imagine the richness of color present in a rainbow if you were born blind? Or how can we possibly keep up the idea of a perfect circle and a perfect square without seeing it? We can possibly describe it in words and description hardly its full meaning will never be realized without experience. The only way to have a complete idea of a rainbow or on any object is to experience it with the use of senses. Aristotle was one of the scientists who believe in the concept of empiricism he felt that it is imperative that we impudence our senses, for what else have we to trust? (Purvis)Rationalism on the other hand holds the idea that reason is the chief source and test of knowledge and that reality itself has an inherently logical structure (Rationalism). Moreover, rationalists believe that there are truths in this world that are beyond the reach of sense perception that can only be explained by reason and logic. Mathematical truths for example (e. g. 0+1=1) are said to be absolutely true or a statement A nun is a female or A priest is a male. These truths according to rationalists were acquired prior to experience. They will remain true whether an individual experience it or not.But in creating these mathematical truths are they not already acquired through experience? In favor of empiricism, mathematics is a good way of showing how some(prenominal) rationalism and empiricism are both important components of knowledge (Purvis 2008). The creation of numbers is not innate or they are not things on themselves. They are manmade creations that we use to more conveniently operate and organize our falsifiable perceptions (Purvis 2008) Rationalists also hold the concept that humans sense of morality with the presence of conscience and wickedness and mans logic are innate.But we can not rationally prove the rightness and wrongness of morality or logic without empirical evidence. The idea that the re is indeed a morality will never be realized without understanding its consequences from experiences. Man was encouraged to create morality for the utilisation of making his existence more meaningful. With no raw data from experience then there should be no participation in full metaphysics. assumption that there is an innate sense of reasoning, but that will only be fully revealed and realized through experience. Reason and experience for me, are both tried and true source of knowledge.The senses and the mind are both necessary in acquiring knowledge and truth. So the argument should arise in proving the relationship of reason and experience. Experience can sometimes be a less reliable source of knowledge or reality since at any moment new experience may disapprove the old. However we can not be completely dependent upon reasoning to gain knowledge since people naturally need experience to test the truths of logical arguments. We can not imagine a life without experience. The fact the people react or reason means people answer in their environment and their present experience or situation.Our ability to perceive is an experience in itself. The innate existence of logic and rationality I believed will come into a complete understanding and will transform into life with the use of experience. However there are also things that can never be understood or considered an absolute truth without experiencing it. Some people in order to accept truth backed up it with concrete proofs from past or future experience. Work Cited Page Empiricism. Encyclop? dia Britannica. 2009. Encyclop? dia Britannica Online. 15 Feb. 2009 http//www. britannica. com/EBchecked/topic/186146/Empiricism. Rationalism. Encyclop?dia Britannica. 2009. Encyclop? dia Britannica Online. 15 Feb. 2009 http//www. britannica. com/EBchecked/topic/492034/rationalism. Carnap, Rudolf. Empiricism, Semantics and Onthology. Revue Internationale de Philosophie. Retrived 15 February, 2009. from http//www. ditext. com/carnap/carnap. hypertext markup language Yount, David J. Empiricism V. Rationalism online. Retrieved 15 February 2009 from http//www. mc. maricopa. edu/yount/text/empm-v-ratm. html Purvis, Dustin. Rationalism Vs. Empiricism. SocyBerty online. 2008, April 17. Retrieved 15 February, 2009 From http//www. socyberty. com/Philosophy/Rationalism-Vs-Empiricism. 110492/1